Most of the young families living in rural areas, buying cattle, such as cow, do not know how it is correct to look after and contain behind it. The most milk cows occur among animal specialized dairy breeds: Yaroslavl, black and motley, red steppe or holmogorsky. If you decided to grow up a cow for meat, the cow of the combined breed will be suitable for these purposes: shvitsky or simmentalsky.
Instruction
1. In keeping of a cow the good dwelling is important. It is desirable to build the cowshed of an adobe brick, the internal cubic capacity has to make not less than 20 cubic meters on one cow and not less than 10 cubic meters on one calf. The base of the shed has to be rather strong therefore it is built most often of the burned brick or a rubble stone, fastening with cement mortar or concrete.
2. Walls of the cowshed have to have heat-shielding properties, otherwise in cold time they will freeze through. The walls constructed of any material need to be plastered and whitewashed inside. As walls of white color well reflect light beams, and in the cowshed becomes much lighter.
3. Floors in the cowshed have to be dry, equal and warm, and the most important convenient for cleaning of manure. The humidity of air depends on properties of a floor, it has to be waterproof. For this purpose best of all the good wooden floor which it is necessary to change every three years as it quickly fails will approach. Important at construction to make an inclination of floors, it is necessary for a drain of urine and water.
4. In the cowshed it is necessary to make rather spacious stall for a cow that it was convenient to serve and feed an animal, the area of a floor has to be 2.5 square meters. The feeding trough made of the pared-down boards has to contain in itself about 7 kg of straw or hay. Near a feeding trough hammer a ring into a rack, it is necessary for an animal leash. Length of a leash is slightly more than one meter.
5. In the cowshed has to be rather fresh air and light. Therefore regularly air it. Optimum temperature for keeping of a cow of 8-10 degrees with fluctuations of 4-20 degrees. At such temperature the cow spends forages and energy for maintenance of constant body temperature and heating of an organism less. In a roof the vent pipe with the gate for ventilation has to be surely built.
6. At an entrance to the cowshed make a special disinfection rug which can be made of a box with sawdust which needs to be moistened periodically with solution of caustic soda or formalin. Thanks to it you warn an infection drift. In the cowshed there has to be a stock – a shovel, a broom, a pitchfork, a brush and buckets.
7. The cow needs to be brushed daily special in an hour after milking, it will increase her appetite and dairy efficiency. You should not clean a cow during feeding, it will lead to bad eating and will disturb her. Stronger pollution can be washed away warm water.
8. The laying in a stall has to be without impurity of seeds of weeds and poisonous plants. One of the best materials for a laying is straw or dry sawdust. Regularly change a laying in process of its pollution and moistening if not to remove it, poisonous gases – hydrogen sulfide and ammonia which irritate not only eyes, but also the upper airways are formed.
9. In summertime of year the main forage of a cow is the grass which can provide a yield of milk to 15 liters of milk without additional feedings up. If the cow gives a yield of milk over 15 liters, she should give the concentrated forages (cake, grain wastes, compound feed, dert of leguminous and cereal cultures) in the ratio 100 g on milk liter.
10. Observance of the optimum mode in feeding, rest and pasturage affect dairy efficiency of a cow. First of all, you watch that intervals between milkings and feedings were identical. The cow with a yield of milk of 15-20 liters of milk needs to be milked and fed 3 times a day: at 5 in the morning, at 13 o'clock in the afternoon and at 21 o'clock in the evening. You watch that there was always water as the nedopaivaniye of an animal can lead to decrease in a yield of milk.
11. In winter time it is necessary to feed two times cows in day, constantly providing them with water from automatic drinking bowls. Water temperature has to be not lower than 10 degrees. Daily give to a cow weighing 500 kg 7-10 kg of good hay, 3-5 kg of concentrates, 17-20 kg of juicy forages (melon cultures, a silo, root crops and tuber crops) and 40 g of chalk and salt. In this case keeping of a cow will be optimum both for yields of milk, and for maintenance of excellent health.