Main types of the markets and their classification in world economy
When between producers of any goods (and also services) and their consumers the stable relation is formed, the economic concept of the market appears. Today there are various criteria of classification of the markets, but the fact that any given market can be considered as competitive if in its structure more than one seller and the buyer function remains the main thing. Otherwise there is a monopoly which main feature – several buyers receive services of one seller. The monopsony is formed if it is several sellers, and the buyer nevertheless one.
Modern classification of the markets is created taking into account various criteria and signs of work, features of cooperation of the seller and client. Such signs as territorial, on farm patterns, on degree of development of freedom and many others are chosen. Each type has the characteristics.
The operating classification of types of the market: distinctive features
Modern classification of the world markets is constructed according to such scheme: objects, that is the markets, are divided into types in special parameters. The first – territorial. In these subspecies it is possible to allocate the local, regional, national and world markets. On subjects which enter exchange the markets divide into proizvoditelsky, consumer, the market of public institutions and also intermediate sellers. In classification of the markets their range is also considered, and then it is possible to speak about the closed, mixed and sated subspecies. On development of economic freedom there is a division into the regulated and free markets.
Farm patterns provide existence of the following types: cooperative, state, rent, joint ventures, market of commodity and individual work. Of course, classification of the markets in each of cases cannot be called full, exarticulation of different types often is considered disputable and doubtful. Therefore the question remains open.
Other criteria of classification of the markets in modern science
Also it is worth mentioning types of the markets and their classification by extent of respect for the principles of legality. It can be the legal, that is official market, shadow (illegal) and black. Often black market is associated with shadow that is recorded in economic dictionaries.
On subjects to exchange the markets are divided into financial, the markets of commodity and services and the markets of production factors.
One more important criterion is saturation degree. By this principle allocate the equilibrium market, that is supply and demand are equal in its limits, scarce when demand is more than offer, and superfluous the markets. In the latter case the offer has to be more demand.
On the nature of end use it is possible to speak about existence of commodity market of industrial and consumer purpose. On the sphere of social production the markets are divided into material and spiritual production. In the first case the food, in the second is about raw materials, machines, the equipment, – about books, works of art, achievements of science, technologies. On the term of use there is a division into the markets of long-term use, short-term and disposable.
Process of a research of the market is always connected with its classification. Definition of its functions among which it is possible to call information, pricing, intermediary, regulating and coordinating also depends on it. It is possible to add other principles to the operating classification, that is the scheme of the world market remains open.