In the system of management motivation is called a number of the actions inducing the person to activity for achievement of main objectives of the company. And researchers in economic and psychological spheres work on questions of what induces to such productive work for the benefit of the organization for a long time. Today the set of works as the motivation of performers plays an important role in modern management is devoted to the analysis of motivation in management.
In management the motivation of personnel is divided into two important components: internal and external. The internal motivation is a multistage process of motivation of workers to productive work, proceeding from motives of each employee. As for external motivation, here employers should find and create the incentives disposing to the most effective work.
The factors affecting motivation of the person
Unlike material components of any production, each worker has own ideas of life, the purposes and requirements. The employee's relation to a certain activity is also influenced by working conditions, an internal situation and the atmosphere in the company, relationship with the management and colleagues from service and even a political situation in the country. Today, to its problems much attention is paid to use of motivation in practice of management, and all motivational process can be divided into such stages:
- each person has an internal feeling of need something, that is requirement;
- the person looks for ways of satisfaction of the requirement – it can be its ignoring, reduction or directly satisfaction.
Originally, as the main motivator, the concept of "carrot and stick" was used. That is, receives an adequate remuneration for well performed work of people, and for badly executed – it is punished. But in the conditions of modern business this theory has no special efficiency as the worker loses an incentive to self-improvement and increase in labor productivity on the initiative. For this reason the motivation role in management of the large companies gains such high importance.
Classification of motivations depending on needs of the worker
Each person has several groups of basic needs depending on which any given type of motivation of work in management is used. The simplest motivation – on material sign: each employee strives for higher prosperity and increase in level of personal income. The following types of motivation in management belong to internal group of requirements, it is status and labor interest of the worker.
The labor motivation is set of the internal forces of the employee moving his aspiration to interesting and substantial work, depends on the importance for the company of the functions which are carried out by it. If work of the person is highly appreciated by the direct management, he takes pride and seeks to reach certain tops in career. And here the motivation status – the aspiration of the worker to hold higher position or to start more responsible task begins to play a role. Use of status motivation in practice of management means search and stimulation in employees of leadership skills.
Motivational management and its role in the modern organization
The motivation of personnel in the system of management of any enterprise includes the whole set of various techniques of influence, here enter:
- careful selection and adaptation of new employees;
- providing in the organization of the atmosphere, favorable for each worker, which will promote his professional and psychological growth;
- direct management of labor productivity and the organization of productions in divisions;
- development of new systems of motivation of effective work, new systems of compensation;
- prevention of conflict situations and participation in their fastest permission.
The value of motivation in modern management is huge, success of the organization directly depends on self-realization of each her employee in the course of work.
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