Atopic dermatitis is an allergic reaction of an organism of the child. Also this disease is called eczema. And every year the children having allergic dermatitis in the anamnesis become more and more.
What causes of atopic dermatitis?
First of all, atopic dermatitis results from genetic predisposition. The heredity in this question has a decisive factor.
The genetic predisposition was for many years investigated by doctors, and already it is possible to tell that if both parents suffer from hypersensitivity, then the risk of appearance of atopic dermatitis in the child is equal to 80%. If atopic dermatitis is available only for one parent, then the probability of his emergence in the child is 40%. If any of parents did not suffer from atopic dermatitis, then the probability of its emergence in the child is only 10%.
Also the risk of developing of atopic dermatitis depends on hypersensibility of skin. Immunoglobulin E is responsible for appearance of an allergy in an organism of the child. Its increased concentration in blood speaks about presence of an allergy to any factor. This indicator is transferred from parents to the child to a maternal thicket. Probability of transfer of an allergy on the fatherly line is only 20%.
Besides hereditary factors, the possibility of appearance of atopic dermatitis is influenced by external factors:
- When breastfeeding the atopic dermatitis can be shown at the child if mom does not keep to a diet of the feeding woman.
- Wrong input of a feeding up. Here both too fast input of products, and feeding of the child can be possible allergens.
- Low-quality care procedures behind skin of the kid. Here it is possible to carry rare water procedures, infrequent change of diapers, overheating or overcooling of the kid, lack of cosmetics developed especially for small children, use of cosmetics which is not intended for the kid.
All above-mentioned reasons are trigger. That is they cause atopic dermatitis. But there are also diseases which can promote development of a disease. They are called causal:
- Chronic diseases of a GIT of the kid.
- Addictions of parents. Namely smoking.
- Finding of the kid in adverse weather conditions.
- Use of preservatives, dyes, fragrances.
What symptoms of atopic dermatitis at children?
The small, as a rule, have the first symptom of atopic dermatitis a reddening of cheeks. Besides peeling of skin and puffiness is possible. Also at the newborn gneiss can be formed. These are yellowish or brownish crusts in a hair part of the head of the kid. Reddening is possible on elbow poles and outer sides of hands and legs. Itch per se is not observed.
Most often atopic dermatitis occurs in the babies having the excess body weight or unstable spasmodic increases in weight. Also atopic dermatitis occurs in babies from the skin lowered by elasticity, light pink color terms and pronounced vascular reactions.
At children of three years can be added naggers to all above-mentioned symptoms and strongly expressed pigmentation on centuries.
In a teenage form of atopic dermatitis the emergence of the bleeding crusts is possible. The itch is very strong. As a result of discomfort the sleep can be interrupted. Manifestation of dermatitis not only on sites of a bend of extremities and on a face, but also in a decollete zone is characteristic.
After an initial stage of a disease, the sharp phase follows. A large number of skin inflammations is characteristic of it. Papules, bubbles, small ulcers, crusts and scales meet.
If atopic dermatitis passes into a chronic form, then the following symptoms are shown:
- Peelings on certain sites of skin.
- Skin thickening with the advent of folds.
The following stage of atopic dermatitis is remission. There are two types of remission: with total disappearance of all symptoms and with weakening of symptomatology.
At appropriate treatment the clinical recovery becomes the following stage. At the child all symptoms of dermatitis for a period of three years vanish.
How atopic dermatitis is classified?
Atopic dermatitis is defined by five indicators:
- Forms on age. Infantile atopic dermatitis at children under three years is defined. Children's atopic dermatitis is diagnosed for children aged from three up to seven years. Teenage is defined at children aged up to 14 years.
- Stages of development of atopic dermatitis. It is possible to define initial, sharp, chronic phases and a stage of remission of a disease.
- On prevalence of a disease on a body happen the extensive form limited and widespread. Carry the atopic dermatitis having a distribution zone more than 5% of all integument of the child to the last form of a disease. The extensive form of atopic dermatitis differs in defeat of all integument, except a sole of legs, palms and a zone of a nasolabial triangle.
- On type there can be food atopic dermatitis and polyvalent. In case of food dermatitis the reaction happens in few hours after the eaten allergen. Manifestation of atopic dermatitis already later a couple of minutes after meal is sometimes possible. The polyvalent type of atopic dermatitis can arise for the following reasons: dysbacteriosis at the child, reception of antibiotics, too early input to the child of a feeding up, the bad course of pregnancy, presence of diseases of digestive system at the child's parents.
How to treat atopic dermatitis?
Stay of the child in a hospital at atopic dermatitis is necessary only if the carried-out therapy does not result in any effect, weight of a disease high, the general condition of the child is broken.
Approach to the child having atopic dermatitis has to be integrated and consist as of drug, not drug treatment.
Medicines are appointed the child, strictly individual depending on age, weight of a disease and other factors. The number of the affected skin, presence of problems with internals at the patient is surely estimated during atopic dermatitis. At first try to use medicines for external application. Especially it concerns small children for whom intake of many medicines is orally admissible only in extreme cases. From quite big list of ointments, the doctor will choose the most optimum for the specific child.
Also for treatment of atopic dermatitis the following groups of local medicines are used:
- For treatment of atopic dermatitis at children it is the best of all to use medicines of the second and third generation. Such drugs have the prolonged action and do not cause problems with a dream and accustoming. Cases when for treatment of an atopiya means with sedative influence are offered are frequent. In that case at the child or the teenager the dream which was uneasy because of a constant itch can be normalized.
- System antibiotics are used only if at the child is confirmed bacterial damages of skin. For example, streptococci or stafilokokka.
- Immunomodulators are required only in case of confirmation by the immunologist of immune insufficiency. In other cases the use of the medicines contributing to normalization of immunity is not required.
- Antifungal medicines are necessary in cases when skin of the child is injured by a fungus.
- The medicines capable to restore work of a GIT are used only during the sharp or presharp periods. Are appointed for correction of work of digestion.
- Group B vitamins, in particular, of B6 and B15 are necessary for acceleration of process of treatment of children's atopic dermatitis. If at the child the atopic dermatitis developed as a result of an allergy to food, then it is necessary to accept vitamins carefully.
Not drug treatment consists in a complete or partial elimination of those factors because of which at the child could arise dermatoallergoz. For the child it is necessary to watch, moisturize carefully the skin, to use only nurseries of cream, to allow skin to take air baths, to watch that skin of the kid did not rot.
Diet at atopic dermatitis
The huge role in treatment of allergic dermatitis is played by special food. If atopic dermatitis arose at the newborn who eats exclusively breast milk, then mom has to keep to a diet.
It is necessary to exclude all possible allergens in mother's food. Honey, sugar, milk, fruit and vegetables, nuts need to be removed from a diet. After allergic reaction takes place, mom can begin to eat these products in small amounts. It is possible to try some one product. And having only made sure that the newborn has no allergy, it is possible to try a new product.
The child quite often has an allergic reaction to cow protein. In that case it is necessary to replace mix for feeding of the kid. If diagnosed an allergy to soy or a severe form of food allergy for the child, then it is necessary to use only hypoallergenic mix.
Introduction of a new product to a diet has to take place gradually, small doses and only with the permission of the attending physician.