The child of preschool age can quite master the main arithmetic actions. He grabs new knowledge on the fly, and parents need only to use this remarkable quality of preschool age. Addition and multiplication usually are more clear to kids, than subtraction and division. However and the child will overcome this arithmetic knowledge without tension if to use some receptions.
It is required to you
- - sets of identical objects;
- - cards with figures.
Instruction
1. Teach to consider the child in a direct and return order. For this purpose special classes are not obligatory, just do not miss such opportunity. It is possible to consider anything: cubes, candies, apples, cars on the parking, flowers on a bed. Explain to the pupil structure of number. It is the best of all to do it on bright examples. On a lawn five cats sat, some of them climbed on a tree. How many cats sit on a tree and how many remained under it? At the solution of such evident household tasks the preschool child acquires not only the principle of addition, but also structure of number. If under a tree there were three cats, and on a tree two got, then them all the same five. It is possible to use scores, especially if they with multi-colored stones.
2. On the same example it is possible to try to explain also the principle of subtraction. There were five cats, and now how many remained? What did you make in order that to learn it? Most likely, the preschool child will answer that he counted cats in the first and for the second time. It is possible to prompt to him and other way of action. To learn how many objects remained, it is necessary to remember how many they were and to subtract those which moved to other place from this quantity.
3. For the return account use a set of identical objects. For example, put before the pupil five cubes in a row. Suggest it to count them. Begin construction of the house and remove 1 cube. Suggest to count remained. It is possible to be engaged not only in a game corner, but also in preparation time of a lunch. The kid will be simply happy to help. Suggest it to count the amount of potatoes, necessary for soup, and then let gives you on one and considers how many it remained. Repeat this exercise regularly with different objects. Your pupil has to understand well that he will be if to remove one from group of objects.
4. You teach the child to compare groups of objects. Begin with an application method. Try that he offered this way. Ask what it is more on a doll table — plates or spoons? What it is necessary to make that to learn it? If the kid is at a loss, suggest it to spread out spoons near plates so that everywhere was on one. How many spoons are not enough? How many excess plates? Suggest the child to count quantity of those and other objects. One number will be obligatory more than the second on the number of "excess" units. To learn, plates turned out how more, it is necessary to subtract the number of spoons from their quantity. The child has to acquire that at subtraction of positive numbers the largest number is from what it is necessary to subtract, and the smallest — what will turn out as a result.
5. Explain to the child that the number can be written down special badges. When he well acquires what figure designates any given quantity of objects, it is possible to show him that the same badges it is possible to write down also an example. But for this purpose the preschool child has to understand and remember that the same number designates any objects.