The number represents the most basic concept in mathematics. At the same time it is quite abstract, as well as any other mathematical size. How to explain to the child an essence of numbers?
It is required to you
- - didactic games: dominoes, cubes, lotto, etc.;
- - calculating sticks;
- - hours;
- - thermometer.
Instruction
1. Positive numbers within ten begin to teach the child aged from 1 year up to 3 years. It can be done, only playing, kind of "between times" on walk and at home, training in the account. Thinking of children at early age evident and effective. Feeling objects, making with them some actions, the child comprehends the world. Use this period that occupation took place easy and interestingly. Move ahead from simple to difficult, depending on the value acquired by the child.
2. Recalculate objects within three, five around, to ten – beginning from steps in kindergarten and finishing with the number of the washed-up mugs. At the same time accustom the kid to concepts: it is more, it is less, not enough, one and several is a lot of. Give to the child the small instructions connected with the account: "Bring me, please, 4 pencils". Or: "Draw to me 3 bears". Considering pictures, fix attention of the child on quantity of the represented objects. At the same time show to the child of figure which correspond to any given number.
3. Joint fascinating and instructive classes of parents with the kid will promote the best idea of numbers. The child under the leadership of the adult even at early age is capable to make elementary mathematical operations with numbers: addition and subtraction.
4. Children of preschool age have evident and figurative thinking. Therefore everything that the kid studies, has to attract him visually. For this purpose get various didactic games: dominoes, cubes, lotto, etc. It is possible to make the hands geometrical figures of different flowers, pictures. Very much board games with counters and the game field help with understanding of numbers. They accustom children not only to the correct account, but also attentiveness. There it is necessary to consider how many steps should be made a counter and to perform small tasks: to pass the course, etc.
5. It is also possible to use notebooks in a section. Set to the kid the verbal instruction: draw 2 sections to the right, rise by three cages upward. Or draw to it a ready pattern which should be repeated in accuracy. At the same time focus attention of the child on quantity of cages in each element of an ornament. Drawing on sections, the kid learns to consider at the same time and trains fine motor skills of fingers of hands. All these skills very much help children at receipt in school.
6. At the advanced preschool age of 6-7 years at children bases of logical thinking are formed. Calculating sticks are almost irreplaceable material here. By means of them it is possible to think up a set of games. For example, to ask the kid to put a square from 4 or from 8 sticks. Then give a task to attach a triangle to one of the parties, having added the set number of sticks. When the little researcher accustoms with numbers within ten, calculating sticks will help it to understand how many dozens are comprised by number 100 that the two-digit number means, three-digit number as to add them and to read. For this purpose connect sticks in a bunch dozens.
7. At younger school age such simple household objects as hours and the thermometer can be assistants in training of a concept of number. It is better if they are made with own hands from cardboard or from plates. Thus they will not constitute danger to children. On them it is easy to explain to the pupil even such concept as a fractional part of number. It is the simplest to explain negative numbers to the child on the thermometer. Because there are values below of zero. But it is desirable to do it when the school student already accurately acquires positive numbers.