Streptodermiya represents the pyoinflammatory disease of skin caused by bacteria streptococci. The disease is most widespread among children of younger preschool age as their immune system is insufficiently created, and they cannot constantly follow rules of hygiene.
Causes of illness
Microorganisms from family of streptococci which are typical representatives of opportunistic microflora of an organism become activators of a streptodermiya. At normal functioning of the immune system of the child the integuments keep the integrity, however it is enough only one provocative factor that pathogenic reproduction of microflora began. Allocate the following reasons of a streptodermiya:
- non-compliance with rules of hygiene;
- temperature differences because of inconstancy of climate;
- problems with blood circulation;
- contacts with infection sources (toys, household objects and also other children);
- microinjuries on a body (grazes or cuts);
- metabolic disorder in an organism;
- the weakened immunity;
- intoxication;
The majority of factors of development of a disease are characteristic of the summer period when children spend much time on the dusty and polluted street. Besides, messengers of bacteria are numerous insects, transmitting an infection through stings. Quite often the streptodermiya arises in the winter against the background of the weakened immunity.
The separate feature of a disease is that it can have epidemic character. Flashes of a streptodermiya are quite often noted at schools and kindergartens and also sports sections and circles on interests. The disease quickly extends at engagement with the infected children therefore it is important to reveal it as soon as possible and to take necessary measures for providing a quarantine.
Streptodermiya symptoms
After a padaniye of streptococci in the child's organism the clinical picture of a disease usually begins to be shown a week later that makes an incubation period of an infection. Allocate the main (specific) and additional symptoms of a disease. The following concerns the main:
- reddening of various parts of the body;
- emergence of the bubbles on skin filled with yellowish liquid (within several days they increase in sizes and then burst);
- appearance of the deckle-edged erosion over time forming a yellow crust;
- intolerable itch (combing of the struck places only aggravates a disease and delays treatment).
Additional symptoms are:
- temperature increase;
- nausea and vomiting;
- increase in lymph nodes;
- existence of an indisposition (weakness, lack of appetite, sleep disorder).
Types of a streptodermiya
Experts allocate different types of a disease on its characteristics:
- In a form (streptococcal impetigo, deprive, turniol, angulit, a superficial felon, a streptococcal intertrigo). This characteristic provides a certain symptomatology and the nature of infection streptococcal infections.
- On sharpness of manifestation (the sharp streptodermiya with pronounced symptoms and fast recovery or chronic which differs in a sluggish current has the periods of aggravation and there is one or several times a year).
- On depth (the superficial streptodermiya remains in the upper layers of the skin, without getting into an organism while deep affects internals and causes various complications).
- On localization (the widespread streptodermiya affects big parts of the body, and limited consists in localization of abscesses on a certain site, for example, on a face, a back or buttocks).
- On a condition of plaques (allocate a dry streptodermiya when the bubbles arising on skin burst, and on their place the shelled eczemas or scabs and also becoming wet, at which there is a skin corrosion by purulent liquid are formed).
- On the nature of emergence (primary streptodermiya arises because of traumatizing skin or contact with a source of pathogenic organisms, and repeated or secondary is a consequence of other disease, for example, of atopic eczema).
Diagnostics
Quite often reddenings and rashes on skin at the child which are one of primary signs of a streptodermiya parents take for other, less dangerous diseases, for example, an allergy, urticaria or chickenpox. However any pathological changes have to become a signal to as soon as possible to address the dermatologist. It is important to make quickly the correct diagnosis and to start treatment to avoid possible complications.
Depending on the general condition of the child and a form of a disease the following types of inspections are carried out:
- survey of a body;
- identification of primary and secondary signs;
- bacteriological crops of bubble liquid for definition of the activator and its sensitivity to antibiotics;
- FEGDS or ultrasonography for inspection of a GIT (at suspicion on a chronic streptodermiya);
- koprogramma;
- general and hormonal blood tests.
Treatment of a streptodermiya
Treatment of a disease at children has to be carried out only according to instructions of the doctor, but not be amateur performance of parents in any way. Rash use of various medicamentous medicines without appointment of the dermatologist is capable to lead to serious complications because of what more long-term treatment will be required further, and irreparable consequences will be put to health of the child.
Disinfecting solutions, for example, salicylic acid, boric alcohol or nitrate silver become one of the main means for treatment of a streptodermiya. Usually they are recommended to be applied on affected areas of skin three times a day. After breakage of bubbles on appropriate places the antibacterial compress on the basis of tetracycline or streptotsidovy ointment is imposed. Also open wounds are processed by spirit antiseptic solutions - Levomitsetinovy alcohol, Fukortsin, Permanganate of potassium or Miramistin. There are also special antibacterial ointments against a streptodermiya - Linkomitsinovaya, Eritromitsinovaya and Levomekol.
Medicines of local action well cope with an uncomplicated streptodermiya and thanks to them on a body further there are no scars. The correct dosage which is picked up by the doctor does not allow an infection to extend on all to a body and quickly dries the open centers of infection. Nevertheless, the course of treatment of a disease has to include also many other medicines which purpose is to protect and strengthen an organism. Here belong:
- the antihistaminic medicines helping to eliminate the naggers at a streptodermiya, to improve a dream, appetite and the general health of the child;
- antibiotics – necessary medicines undesirable and still which effect is directed to destruction of the main pathogenic organisms of an infection — streptococci;
- the polyvitamins directed to restoration of a small organism after a streptodermiya;
- immunomodulators are the main medicines against development of a recidivous or chronic form of a streptodermiya helping an organism to cope quicker with the illness, having avoided complications.
With high temperature and also identification of resistance of bacteria to certain types of medications the child is hospitalized. In medical conditions for treatment of a streptodermiya such physiotherapy as laser therapy, Ural federal district radiation and UVCh can be performed. The recovery period after disappearance of the main symptoms of a disease is not less than 7-10 days. At this time the child has to be in isolation from other children and other possible sources of a repeated recurrence.