The IP address represents a unique address of the network equipment. It is intended for identification of personal computers, hubs, switches or routers in network.
Instruction
1. The IP address consists of two parts. The first part – the network number which can be selected by the administrator randomly, or according to the recommendation of special division of Internet (Network Information Center, NIC). The second part of the IP address – the node number which is set irrespective of a node address of network. All address represents four byte parcel of a view 192.168.1.200. Each number of this group is value of one of bytes, written in a decimal form. It is possible to tell that the IP address characterizes not the separate computer or a hub, and one accession of this local or wide area network.
2. All IP addresses can be separated into several classes. Numbers in the range from 1 to 126 have the class ASeti of this type, and the 127th number is reserved for the organization of feedback when testing work of the software of a node without real sending a package on network. This address has the name loopback. Number of the address of network occupies one byte, other three are intended for node numbers and network.
3. Class VDiapazon of numbers of such networks lies within 128-191. Under an address part of network and a node about 2 bytes are taken away. The class SSeti of this class no more than 28 nodes are intended for use. Range of addressing lies within numbers 192-223. An address part makes 3 bytes, and a node address – one.
4. The class DDannyy a class designates a special, multicast address – multicast which address is not divided into fields of the network number and a node. In this case nodes automatically identify to what group they belong. Information packages sent on network receive all nodes of this type at once. Range of numbers – 224? 239.
5. Class EV the present moment this type is not used, it is reserved for future application. Detailed information on IP address classes is provided on the drawing.