The nature of food is an important factor of health and life expectancy of the person. The surplus of caloric content of food, the wrong structure of components of a diet generate diseases of a metabolic disorder. Now at every second - excess weight, at every fifth - obesity. It is the reason of many diseases, such as: atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, diabetes, various diseases of joints and intestinal path.
It is very important to know about it youth. Excess weight at youthful age can become risk factor for developing of many diseases in the adult period of human life. It is necessary to give to an organism with food all necessary nutritious and biologically active agents for its normal activity. For example, for the middle-aged person it has to be food in which caloric content is 2500-2800 kcal a day with a proper correlation of proteins, various fats, carbohydrates – 1:1:4. Pectinaceous substances which there is a lot of in vegetables and fruit for digestion improvement are necessary.
Food proteins are irreplaceable components of a diet, they provide all vital processes happening in an organism. Proteins perform function of construction material for recovery of cellular structures of an organism, synthesis of hormones, developments of antibodies. Biological value of proteins for a human body that they contain in composition of essential amino acids which the organism can't synthesize.
Usually at the person of brainwork the daily consumption of protein is 60 гр., and at the person doing manual work can be up to 100 – 150 гр. The daily need for proteins needs to be compensated proteins of animal origin which contain all necessary amino acids. Eggs, dairy products, cottage cheese, meat and fish have such composition of amino acids. Proteins of dairy products are acquired quicker and more stoutly, than protein from meat products. Buckwheat, porridge and millet can serve as a source of protein. Carbohydrates which daily requirement for the adult makes 400-500 гр are the main source of energy for an organism. Carbohydrates provide generally diet caloric content – to 70%. The most part of carbohydrates has to come with food to an organism in the form of unsweetened products, such as, grain, potatoes, flour products and only 30% in the form of sweeties. The use in a diet of excess consumption of sugar leads to fast increase of percent of sugar in blood and can become the cause of obesity and diabetes. A limit of the consumption of sugar - 50 гр. in day. Fats are necessary in food too. The necessary quantity is 1 - 1.5 gram on 1 kg of weight of the person. With age the use of fats should be reduced. The nutrition value of fats is that their structure contains irreplaceable fatty acids which the organism itself can't synthesize. For ensuring fatty acid structure of a diet of the healthy person it is necessary to observe a proper correlation of vegetable and animal fats: 25 – 30 and 50-60 in day respectively. The specified consumption rates of any given products have to become a reference point for each person. On the basis of it it is possible and it is necessary to develop the norms and rules of food.