Mushrooms are the unusual natural creations having in themselves signs both vegetable and fauna. They are present practically everywhere: in the soil, in water, on the land, on trees, on the earth and in other substrates. Mushrooms are an important part of an ecological system and also are food product tasty, useful and well-loved by many.
Important connections (amino acids, mineral substances, vitamins)
Mushrooms have rich composition of amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and minerals among which:
- B1 vitamin (thiamine) — 0.04 mg;
- B2 vitamin (Riboflavinum) — 0.3 mg;
- B5 vitamin (pantothenic acid) — 2.7 mg;
- B6 vitamin (pyridoxine) — 0.07 mg;
- B9 vitamin (folates) — 40 mg;
- vitamin C (ascorbic acid) — 30 mg;
- vitamin E (tocopherol) — 0.9 mg;
- RR vitamin (nicotinic acid) — 8.5 mg;
- potassium — 468 mg;
- calcium — 13 mg;
- magnesium — 15 mg;
- sodium — 6 mg;
- phosphorus — 89 mg;
- chlorine — 22 mg;
- iron — 0.5 mg;
- cobalt — 6 mkg;
- manganese — 0.23 mg;
- fluorine — 60 mkg;
- chrome — 6 mkg;
- zinc — 0.33 mg.
It is important! If you have no experience of silent hunting or you are not familiar with local conditions, then do not risk and do not pick mushrooms alone or in the company of the same beginners. Even if it seems to you that this copy precisely edible, take advice and the help of the skilled mushroom picker better!
Caloric content
Let's consider the caloric content of mushrooms on the example of one of their most famous representatives — white. Crude it is the share of 100 g:
- proteins — 3.7 g;
- fats — 1.7 g;
- carbohydrates — 1.1 g;
- food fibers — 3.2 g;
- water — 89.4 g;
- caloric content — 34 kcal.
Caloric content of 100 g of fried cepes is 63 kcal, and nutrition value of dried — from 132 to 150 kcal.
At the same time, for example, the birch mushroom contains 3.9 g of protein, and in a huge raincoat — 6.5 g.
Useful properties of mushrooms
The main value of mushrooms the high content of protein in them is considered. Some specialists nutritionists even call them by forest meat. Moreover, content of protein in them exceeds its quantity in meat and twice three times — in eggs. Therefore they are considered as a nourishing product, remaining at the same time low-calorie.
Besides, their useful properties are:
- high content of various amino acids positively influences work of a brain, increases resistance to stress of an organism and prevents development of atherosclerosis;
- the wide range of vitamins of group B and beta glucans positively affect nervous system of the person;
- nicotinic acid (RR vitamin) participates in process of blood formation and influences durability of vessels;
- melatonin is the strongest natural antioxidant.
Learn what mushrooms grow in March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December, January.
That in mushrooms all their useful properties remained, it is better to dry them or to pickle as heat treatment destroys a considerable part of valuable substances.
Application in the medical purposes
Mushrooms are widely presented in recipes of traditional medicine. Some, for example, oyster mushrooms and champignons, promote decrease in level of bad cholesterol in blood and improve a metabolism. And here chanterelles promote blood clarification, infusion from them is applied at furuncles, abscesses and a tonsillitis.
Honey agarics are considered as a natural antibiotic, and white showed the efficiency at intestinal infections. Slippery jacks, in turn, contain resinous substance which helps at migraines and gout.
Also in mushrooms the high content of proteins and low — fats is noted at the expense of what they are used as a protein source by those who want to lose excess weight. Being on a diet it is recommended to include in the diet mushroom dishes at least once a week.
Mushrooms are capable to improve a figure, for example for weight loss use a ganoderma. And pharmacologists often use such mushroom as a chag for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, nervous system, gastrointestinal diseases and supportive application at treatment of oncology.
Hat or leg
Though tastes of two parts of a mushroom — a hat and a leg — practically do not differ, in terms of advantage for an organism it is better to use hats. As they contain more proteins and other valuable substances. Besides proteins, in them the increased content of enzymes, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and active agents is observed.
Carbohydrates are presented here by sugars and a glycogen thanks to which mushrooms have characteristic, slightly sweetish taste. The most part of sugars is just concentrated in legs, especially there are a lot of them in tubular types: white, aspen mushrooms, birch mushrooms and slippery jacks.
Important! Mushrooms are considered as tyazhelousvoyaemy food therefore they are not recommended to be used to children up to six years. And in the presence at the child of chronic diseases — to twelve.
Harm and contraindications
Mushrooms have the high content of chitin which is hardly acquired by a human body. Besides, they are capable as a sponge to accumulate in themselves heavy metals, toxins and radionuclides. Therefore they cannot be collected in the polluted industrial territories and near large automobile routes.
You should not abuse mushrooms and is them more often than 3 times a week. It can break work of digestive system and even to lead to an ulcer or pancreatitis.
After the use of mushrooms, especially collected independently, it is necessary to be attentive to the health. At emergence of symptoms of poisoning (nausea, vomiting, belly-ache, a headache, dizziness, problems with heartbeat, etc.) it is necessary to ask as soon as possible for the help in medical institution. Even one poisonous mushroom which got to food is capable to cause big problems.
Whether you know? There are mushrooms which publish the small greenish luminescence in the dark resulting from oxidizing reactions at the time of oxygen consumption. Experts investigated 68 species of such mushrooms, and part of them lodge in the damaged trunks of trees, creating improbable and even horrible picture in night-time.
You should not use also old copies as in them process of disintegration of protein already began, and it is possible to get indigestion. Besides, there are following contraindications:
- diseases of digestive system;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- diseases of a liver and kidneys;
- violation of exchange processes in an organism;
- gout;
- age up to six years;
- pregnancy and period of a lactation.
How to clean mushrooms
To clean mushrooms, it is necessary to stock up with patience as it is quite monotonous and laborious work. For a start, it is necessary to wash them with cool flowing water. They very quickly napityvat water therefore it is necessary to do it as fast as possible, literally several seconds. Further it is necessary to dry them a paper towel, to cut off a tip of a leg and to remove a film from a hat.
Whether you know? It appears, there are predatory mushrooms which are able to build traps! Such mycelium is located loops and rings in the form of network and successfully catches worms. The caught nematode is absorbed and digested a mushroom about a day.
The short skirt on a leg quite approaches in food so it is possible to leave it. If the festive dish with the whole mushrooms is planned, then it can be removed from esthetic reasons. Some fans cut off plates under a hat and very much are mistaken as this part impacts to a mushroom its unique juicy relish.
Storage
There is a set of ways of storage which will help you not only to enjoy taste of a fresh mushroom, but also to use it in many months after purchase or collecting:
- It is one of the most popular methods of storage. It is necessary to dry well mushrooms in the dryer or a natural way and to store in glass jars in the dark place.
The most popular ways of storage of mushrooms are drying and freezing.
- Freezing ready to the use. It is possible to freeze the fried, boiled or steamed mushrooms. If you want them to stay as long as possible, use method of preparation without oil. Ready mushrooms need to be cooled, placed in packages or plastic containers, to sign date and to freeze. Steam it is possible to store about one year, fried — up to nine months.
- Freezing of crude. Mushrooms with thick and rough texture, for example, morels, it is possible to freeze crude. Wash out them, dry, put in packages or containers and you store in the freezer up to three months.
- Dyuksel — the ready to the use, cut and fried mix of mushrooms with addition of onions, herbs and vegetable oil. It can be stored week in the fridge or about one month in a container in the freezer or the freezer.
- Salting, pickling. For this method use barrels, the enameled pans, glass jars and other tanks. They can be stored in the cold cellar or the fridge not longer than half a year.
The nature created such ideal balance of vitamins and minerals for mushrooms that at reasonable consumption they will bring not only pleasure from bright taste, but also will revitalize practically all organism. And the dishes prepared from them will become worthy decoration of any holiday table.