Juicy, sweet, with honey aroma and excellent taste — it is so possible to describe all favourite pear. Today about 5000 grades which though differ from each other are known, but all of them are united by one: mass of useful properties.
Description
Pear — the bright representative of a sort of trees and bushes of family Pink. It is one of the most widespread cultures in the world. There are about 60 types of the pears growing in original wild state. Pear which is loved by us appeared as a result of selection of some types of wild pear in ancient Greece, Persia, Rome for several millennia B.C. Thanks to a long story of selection such huge number of its grades is known presently.
Whether you know? Pear grows for 150-200 years, and some grades are capable to live up to 300 years.
The form of a crown depends on a pear grade, but most often it is spherical or pyramidal. Tree height also differs and if not to cut off krone — can grow to 25 meters, for convenience keep culture height on a mark in garden farms 3-4 meters. Leaves at pear have the wide, ovoid form, saturated dark green color with a glossy surface.
Study useful properties of strawberry, fruit of a pomelo, a lime, orange, a papaya, tangerine, a kiwi, banana, mango, a nectarine, pomegranate, avocado, a mangostin, a dragon of fruit, Chinese fruit, durian and unaba.
They settle down spiralno, in five rows. The tree in April-May flowers of mainly white color blossoms (some grades have flowers of a pinkish or yellowish shade). The flower consists of five petals, and flowers form umbrella-shaped inflorescences on 3-9 pieces. Fruits most often have oblong shape — narrow at the basis and extending to a bottom, but grades also meet spherical shape, as at apple.
Grades
When choosing a sapling special attention is paid to winter hardiness of a tree, its productivity, tastes of fruit.
Earth pear - a girasol very useful root crop.
On the period of maturing of pear are divided into summer, autumn and winter grades.
- Limonka. Fruits of the small size (up to 100 g), lemon color, with dense and juicy pulp. Maturing terms — July-August. Productive, hardy and durable variety.
- Belolistka. A high-yielding grade, fruits small (30-60 g), yellow color, with dense and juicy pulp. Maturing term — the end of August. The tree well transfers frosts, temperature differences, is resistant to diseases.
- Admiral Gervais. A high-yielding grade, fruits quite large (270 g), fragrant, with good flavoring indicators, pulp — gentle, juicy. Transportable grade.
- Cure. Early winter grade, undemanding and high-yielding. Fruits — the average size, moderately juicy and dense, aroma inexpressive.
- Etude the Kiev. High-yielding grade. Fruits (200-250 g) ripen at the end of October — the beginning of November. Pears have gentle, juicy, oily pulp with aroma of a rose and sweet-sour taste.
Caloric content and nutrition value
This fruit is carried to low-calorie products, in 100 g of fruit from 40 to 60 kcal contain. Dried pears kaloriyny fresh, calorie content in 100 g of a dry product — about 270 kcal.
Nutrition value of fruit (100 g):
- fats — 0.03 g;
- proteins — 0.04 g;
- carbohydrates — 10.3 g;
- acids — 0.5 g;
- starch — 0.5 g;
- ashes — 0.7 g;
- water — 85 g;
- monosaccharides and disaccharides — 9.8 g;
- vegetable fibers — 2.8 g.
Whether you know? The kitchen utensils made of pear wood very strong, it do not give in to deformation, it can be washed even in the dishwasher.
As it is correct to choose
In order that it is correct to choose a fruit, it is necessary to pay attention on:
- appearance;
- fruit hardness;
- aroma.
Fruit has to be with a peel smooth to the touch, without spots and a mold. A qualitative fruit — dense if it became overripe, then will be soft.
Important! It is necessary to store fruits of pears in the fridge, but it is desirable to separate them from products which have strong aroma as pears incorporate others smells.
Useful properties
Pear — extremely useful fruit, it is possible to use it as in the raw, and in baked or dried. Therapists recommend to eat these fruits in the following cases:
- for increase in immune forces of an organism;
- during prevention of infectious diseases;
- at frequent SARS and ORZ;
- at diseases of kidneys;
- for normalization of appetite;
- at disorders of a GIT;
- at a depression;
- from dizziness;
- at anemia;
- at a severe cough;
- if wounds badly drag on.
Important! To people 70 years are more senior it is necessary to include only soft grades of pears in the diet.
Than it is useful to pregnant women
This fruit — ideal for women waiting for the kid:
- folic acid which contains in fruits normalizes process of blood formation at women that is especially relevant at the beginning of pregnancy;
- high content of vegetable fibers will save from locks which often happen during pregnancy;
- sate the weakened woman's organism with energy, compensate for the deficiency of vitamins and useful elements;
- reduce puffiness which accompanies pregnant women, especially on deadlines;
- high content of vitamin C protects the weakened woman's organism;
- at consumption of fruit together with rice, bean or to cookies — iron is better acquired that will save future mother from anemia;
- potassium supports work of heart;
- calcium maintains the normal state of teeth at the pregnant woman.
Medicinal properties
This fruit is very well acquired by a human body. Thanks to the high content of essential oils, from consumption of this fruit the diuretic effect is observed. Fills energy in an organism. Fruit pulp easily is digested and creates the necessary environment capable to fight against pathogenic bacteria in a stomach.
Tannins well influence walls of internals, strengthening them. And iron in combination with folic acid actively participate in processes of blood formation, regeneration, strengthen blood vessels. At high temperature, fever, infectious diseases of a bladder drink pear juice or pears decoction as arbutin (natural antibiotic) which contains in fruits well copes with these diseases.
Also at bronchitis it is necessary to eat dyagilevy honey, horse-radish, fennel and goat milk.
At bronchitis and other pulmonary diseases it is necessary to eat baked fruit. Broths from leaves of pear help at perspiration of legs, treatment of dermatitis and mycosis of skin thanks to antimikotichesky components. The high content of mineral salts, vitamins and minerals in pear compensates the shortage of useful substances in an organism, strengthens the immune system.
Application
This fruit is used in such industries as cosmetology, medicine, cookery, dietology.
In cosmetology
In cosmetology do a set of cosmetology means of pear: masks, lotions, creams, srubs, anti-aging cosmetics. The making pears restore elasticity of skin, promote narrowing of a time, restore healthy skin color, pridavat it smoothness and elasticity. Pear masks save from acne rash, remove inflammation. It can be used as a natural srub, having just wiped with the crushed fruit a face.
The firm parts which are contained in fruit pulp apple and acetic acids clean the surface of skin from dead cells and pollution. For preparation of lotions and masks in house conditions it is necessary to use only mature fruit as in them there are a lot of valuable connections. To bleach face skin, to level tone of skin — it is necessary to crush pulp of one fruit and to apply the received weight to face skin for 20 minutes, through the put time to wash away. Owners of dry skin need to add milk to pulp of fruit, and then already to put a mask. For toning of skin and giving of freshness to it — in pulp of 1 fruit add egg white, well mix and put for 20 minutes on a face, then wash away. Such mask is suitable for owners of the fat and combined face skin. For disposal of dandruff — for half an hour before washing of the head it is necessary to rub pear juice in roots of hair.
In dietology
Pear — a unique dietary product. Fruit pulp, filling stomach volume, creates feeling of satiety, and food fibers of fruit help to bring toxins and slags out of an organism. This fruit is especially irreplaceable at weight loss as it has the low caloric content and high content useful macro - and minerals which are always not enough in fasting days.
Rules of storage
Rules of storage for all fruit are identical: for storage the fruits without damages which are in a stage of a technical maturity are selected (the green color already descended and the fruit only began to turn yellow). The choice of a container are one of the main components of storage period of fruit. Capacity for storage has to have a smooth surface, a bottom — is laid by soft material, and walls — are imposed with paper. The fruit prepared for storage:
- are wrapped in thin, soft paper;
- keep within no more, than three layers. Each layer is covered with paper or filled up with shaving;
- fruit are placed on diagonal, and fruit stems need to be turned so that they got between fruits, without adjoining with each other.
Summer grades of pears are not subject to storage, use them or overwork practically at once. The maximum period of storage — two weeks in the fridge. Autumn grades — reap a crop in quite short time, in seven days since the beginning of maturing. Such efficiency is connected with the fact that these fruits pretty fast lose the appearance and tastes. The period of storage — is no more than 45 days. Winter grades — are stored at temperatures of 0... +2 °C till the spring. From trees they are collected at the end of fall, it is a little in an immature state.
Contraindications
There are some rules of precaution at consumption of pear, following which it will not do harm to health:
- it is impossible to eat immature fruit;
- you should not regale on fruit on an empty stomach;
- not to wash down fruit with sparkling water, milk;
- it is better not to use meat products right after pears.
You should not eat pears in the following cases:
- the weakened immune system;
- lock in a chronic form;
- colitis, gastritis and stomach ulcer — in an aggravation stage.
Pear is very useful fruit which strengthens organism forces, increases immunity, burns fats and reduces indicators of harmful cholesterol. This hypoallergenic fruit will render advantage both to adults, and kids.