There is a king of beasts, there is a queen of fields, but there is no tsar of vitamins. There is, however, the most untwisted vitamin C — the well-known antiscorbutic vitamin, however it is not necessary to speak about its predominating role in family of vitamins. To try to build vitamin hierarchy also senselessly, as well as to ask a question that the most important in the car: motor, wheels or steering. All vitamins are in own way important, all of them for something are necessary. Here, for example, the vitamin called the first letter of the alphabet And.
Description and general characteristic
Under vitamin A the name of the whole three bioorganic connections is concealed. All of them enter into group of retinoids. It is actively dissolved in fats that allows it to concentrate in an organism, in particular, in a liver. If for any reason it ceases to come to an organism, then the hepatic depot is capable to fill its shortage at least the whole year. And when this element gets to an organism, it first of all comes to a liver which fills the spent stocks, sending then the rest to travel to blood.
Vitamin A exists in two main forms: in the form of, called Retinolum, and in the form of carotene pro-vitamin. The first of them is present at animal food, and the second is in vegetable products. Retinolum is immediately acquired by an organism, and carotene needs preliminary processing in intestines to turn into Retinolum and to be the acquired organism.
Important! Vitamin A intensifies the action and is more qualitatively acquired in interaction with vitamin E and zinc.
The main functions and advantage for an organism
In the people it is known as eye vitamin as it cardinally affects visual acuity. At the same time this element takes part in growth of cages, especially in skin regeneration. And he is a great defender from free radicals and from harmful results of their activity. He participates also in digestion of fats and proteins.
Besides, Retinolum is necessary for production of a visual pigment and components of blood and also is responsible for health of skin and bones. In a zone of its responsibility all mucous membranes in a human body, and still hair, teeth and gums also stay.
Learn how to improve sight and what vitamins are for this purpose necessary
Moreover, it helps development of yet not been born person, positively influencing growth of an embryo in a maternal womb. And still vitamin A promotes the correct suntan and strengthens eyelashes.
Whether you know? Vitamin A was found in 1913 by two independent groups of the American scientists at once.
For children
As this element plays a role in growth of cages, it is simply irreplaceable for children with their constantly growing and developing organism. Its receipt in the child's organism is extremely important for the successful growth and development of the musculoskeletal device.
Vitamin A is also very important for normal formation of reproductive organs during puberty of children of both sexes. This element is useful to girls in optimum establishment of a normal menstrual cycle, and it helps boys with formation of a normal erection and development of testicles.
Participation of Retinolum in prevention of respiratory diseases at children and in maintenance of their good sight is important. It helps and with fight against teenage eels and pimples.
Also, it will be interesting to you to learn what vitamins are necessary for the teenager
For adults
All positive properties of vitamin A described above are very demanded practically by all adult population of the planet. However its regenerating qualities are especially relevant for elderly people. And here concerning elderly people then there is a problem. It is very necessary for old men too, but their worn-out organism already hardly acquires it.
Not everything is so simple also at people with the weakened immunity and also at chronically sick, especially having diabetes or having a hyperactive thyroid gland. Their organism with great difficulty turns pro-vitamin B actually vitamin. Therefore at a vegetable diet such people have a deficiency of Retinolum.
Learn what vitamins are useful to women, men and children; are necessary for patients with diabetes; are necessary for cheerfulness and energy, increase in immunity, memory and work of a brain; for appearance nails, face and health of nervous system, joints and ligaments, liver, heart and vessels.
This element is very relevant for people with the raised stress load on an organism. Smoking, a sleep debt, the increased alcohol consumption, continuous contact with ecological toxins or excessive stay to the sun, other stresses — all these factors lead to the shortage of Retinolum in an organism.
Whether you know? For opening of a role of a revitol in sight the biochemist George Wald got the Nobel Prize in 1967.
Athletes also have to pay attention to this element. Especially those who have a diet with the high content of protein. That it was fully acquired, just and Retinolum is necessary. Even at the balanced diet at athletes the high level of the protein coming to an organism after all provokes deficiency of vitamin A.
Though the known thesis that it is necessary for pregnant women and the nursing women is for two, is not absolutely right concerning Retinolum, nevertheless during pregnancy the embryo nevertheless demands intake of this vitamin for stimulation of the growth. When breastfeeding the similar requirement increases too.
We advise to learn what vitamins are necessary for pregnant women and the nursing mothers
Vitamin sources
As it was already told, Retinolum gets into an organism directly through food of animal origin or is mediated through vegetable food, turning from pro-vitamin B full-fledged vitamin.
Vegetable
Among plants, being champions in maintenance of the pro-vitamin interesting us, it is necessary to call chicory, salad, sweet potatoes, carrot, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, pepper, leek, apricots and melons.
Animals
In animal food vitamin A is present at a look, already ready to the use. However far not everywhere it is available in enough. Therefore persons interested to fill a lack of this element of the organism should lean first of all on cod-liver oil, meat of a tuna or eel, interiors of animals, especially a liver and also on cheese, eggs, cow's milk and other dairy products.
Daily requirement and norm
Need of each person for this remarkable vitamin varies as we already noticed, depending on many factors. And most significantly it depends on age and sex of the person.
Babies
It is necessary for babies up to four months a day 0.5 mg.
Also we recommend to learn about features of use of vitamin D and D3 for babies
Children
Children from four months to four years have enough 0.6 mg. Up to seven years this dose increases up to 0.7 mg. From seven to ten years the standard daily rate is 0.8 mg, and at children from ten to thirteen years it grows to 0.9 mg.
At teenagers the need for a daily dose of vitamins already begins to depend on a floor. Girls of 13-15 years in day need 1.0 mg, and to boys of the same age — 1.1 mg. At the age of 15-19 years it is still required to young men in day of 1.1 mg, and here at girls this requirement decreases to 0.9 mg.
Important! With the same speed with what children grow, also their need for vitamin A grows.
Men
As need of receiving Retinolum is strongly individualized, precisely it is necessary to define it for each specific person and in each separate case for what there are specially developed standards and recommendations. And if to speak very usrednyonno, then the daily dose at the adult man makes 1 mg and more. In the form of pro-vitamin this requirement lies ranging from 12 up to 24 mg that can become covered by inclusion in food of 100 g of cabbage or spinach.
Women
From 19 years the women are recommended to accept 0.8 mg daily. In the form of pro-vitamin it makes 10-20 mg that it is possible to find in 4 g of cod-liver oil or in one carrot of a grade of Karotel.
Read also how to apply vitamin A to a face and hair
Shortcoming and surplus
The rule all moderately at intake of vitamins especially relevant. Their surplus in an organism often happens not less, and even is more harmful, than their shortcoming.
Hypovitaminosis
As vitamin A participates in all a range of vital processes, its shortage affects health of an organism at once. And first of all it belongs to the immune system. The person becomes much more susceptible to infections, at him wounds badly heal, he suffers from frequent colds and various inflammations.
Important! Retinolum the night blindness often results of deficiency.
The lack of this remarkable element can also result in dryness of eyes, hair and skin, to formation of wrinkles. Nails can become fragile, and hair will begin to drop out actively. The risk of emergence of stones in kidneys, development of atherosclerosis and some types of cancer increases.
It will be for certain interesting to you to read what to do at hypovitaminosis
Gipervitaminoz
But also the surplus of this element also does not promise to an organism anything good. If it arrives in excessive quantity during the long period, it conducts to a so-called gipervitaminoz, that is excess contents of it in normal circumstances of the vital substance.
Such gipervitaminoz arises only at overdose actually of vitamin A, but practically does not depend on too large amount of the pro-vitamin arriving with vegetable products. And if animal products are used in moderate quantities, then the overdose is rather improbable too.
Read also what actions are necessary at a gipervitaminoza
Nevertheless glut of an organism nevertheless happens by Retinolum that leads to unpleasant consequences. To it, for example, as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, headaches, irritability, high blood pressure, jaundice and even a hair loss.
Interaction with other substances
Actively participating in activity of an organism, Retinolum, naturally, has during various processes of the colleagues and opponents. For example, vitamin E promotes assimilation by a vitamin A organism. It is helped also by sufficient availability of zinc.
Learn more, useful properties of vitamin E, its role in the woman's organism, at pregnancy planning, for hair and what harm from this vitamin
And here the mineral oils getting to an organism in excess quantity significantly complicate comprehensibility of Retinolum in intestines. Very harmful many medicines used at cancer therapy affect it.
It very quickly and will affect the most pernicious image a condition of a liver. The neighbourhood of Retinolum and anticholesteric means because of their antagonism is very undesirable.
Important! It is not necessary to take alcoholic drinks together with Retinolum.
Dosage forms of vitamin A
For a covering of shortage of Retinolum in an organism this element is synthesized, issued commercially and is on sale in drugstores. Retinolum is produced for convenience in various dosage forms: in the form of a dragee, drops and drops in oil for internal reception, various capsules. He is offered and as intramuscular solution and as solution for internal injections and external application and as tablets in a cover.
We recommend to you to esteem about advantage of vitamins P, B1, B2, U, D3, C for a human body.
Possible harm and contraindications
We already spoke about harm which the overdose of Retinolum in an organism can cause, but there are also contraindications of its reception depending on individual qualities of his consumers. For example, at some people the hypersensitivity to Retinolum is observed.
With care the people having alcoholism, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, a renal failure should resort to it.
Important! Pregnant women and nursing mothers and also citizens of old age need to show special attention to doses of Retinolum.
Vitamin A really chudodeystven when gets to an organism in optimum doses and it is timely, but also can do troubles at the surplus or misuse.