Many garden and seasonal dachas are located on the drained swamps and peat bogs. Soils in these territories have adverse properties. If not to take measure for elimination of these properties, then it is possible and not to wait for good harvest.
1. By origin peat soils are divided into soils of riding and low-lying swamps. In riding swamps the water outflow is limited therefore they are excessively uvlazhena. In such peat there is no receipt of microelements, plant debris do not decay. Therefore riding peat soils very sour, nutrients are in form, inaccessible for cultural plants. Soil microorganisms which help to increase fertility of the soil in riding peat are absent.
2. In low-lying swamps the underground waters rich with salts of calcium, magnesium and iron collect. The peat layer has neutral or close to neutral acidity. On such peat layer the powerful vegetation cover grows.
3. Peat soils in natural look are unsuitable for cultivation of plants. But peat has high fertility. Negative properties of peat can be eliminated by means of some methods: drainage, application of fertilizers, raskisleny soils.
4. It is possible to lower excess soil moisture by means of drying network. Such network will improve the water and thermal modes of the soil, will create favorable conditions for use of fertilizers. Seasonal dachas should be planned along with the project of drying network. Also it is worth constructing in addition special ditches up to 25 cm in depth on site perimeter with water drain in drying network.
5. The high acidity of the soil slows down peat decomposition. In such conditions of plant cannot fully develop and yield big crop. For lowering of acidity use lime application of the soil. Such method stirs up activity of microorganisms that accelerates process of peregnivaniye of peat. Also lime application improves properties of the soil. Batteries pass into readily available form for assimilation.
6. Limestone, slaked lime, dolomite powder, chalk or ashes is applied to lowering of acidity of peat bogs. The amount of lime depends on the level of acidity of the soil. For very sour soils 60 kg on 100 sq.m of the site, for srednekisly – about 30 kg on 100 sq.m. are brought. On subacidic soils it is brought on 100 sq.m no more than 10 kg of lime.
7. The peskovaniye of peat soils is applied to improvement of agrophysical properties. On the surface of the peat bog sand with the subsequent deep redigging is brought. Amount of the brought sand not less than 6 t on 100 sq.m. If sand, then amount of the brought lime is brought in the soil reduce. If under layer of peat there are clayey grounds, then the amount of sand should be increased as when redigging the clay layer is also involved in cultivation of the soil.
8. It is necessary to apply organic and mineral fertilizers to increase in fertility of peat soils. Manure, compost or humus are brought on 1 bucket on 1 sq.m with the subsequent redigging of the soil. The mineral fertilizers incorporating phosphate, potassium and nitrogen are also brought under the main redigging of the peat soil.