In creation of architectural forms the registration of facade holds specific place, the first impression about the house of people receives at view of his "person". The abundance of the architectural elements applied to decoration of facade allows to create unique and easily recognizable style of country house.
General information about architectural decor
Depending on specific configuration of the building distinguish the main, domestic, street, side, park decor. However the front decor differing in unity of style and the correct combination of the picked-up elements is considered the most important condition of forming of esthetically sustained and proportional building.
The tradition to decorate buildings has arisen in immemorial times. For the first time began to use architectural decor, most likely, in Ancient Rome. It is obvious that originally elements of decor of buildings had accurately expressed functional purpose. For example, the column, this "exclamation mark" of all architecture, has become current as design supporter. However over time such especially practical function of column has been expanded and complemented with esthetic reasons. There were so bearing components in the form of chimeras, exotic animals, Atlases.
Types and application of elements of front decor
The horizontal planes of the building make out by means of various eaves. In this way there is division of the house into floors that gives the chance to create logically complete facade passing into roof. Additional function of eaves consists in protection of walls against rain water. Being combined with ledges and brackets, eaves become significant decoration of facade. Being speaker element, the eaves last usually along wall, visually separating its plane into several separate zones. Often the eaves are supplied with special outflow.
Rectangular pads on corners of walls are called dummy joint. Quite often these elements alternate taking into account the different size, doing between them spaces. Dummy joint call also finishing of part of facade squared stone flags with crude external part.
Over entrance to the house or on the center of its pediment the round decorative element which is called the socket is established.
The bas-relief represents the image executed in volume which is partially acting from wall. It is fairly considered one of the most difficult elements of decorative registration of facade. Together with other similar options of finishing the bas-relief is called stucco molding.
In architecture the arch representing the deaf or through aperture having semicircular top has become widespread. Usually arches use for registration of large windows or entrance to the house. The arch can be quite complemented with other elements of decor having auxiliary value.
Paneling – one more type of registration of facade. So call rectangular deepening or the put-forward fragment of decorative element. Panels can have in themselves jewelry. Quite often them have under windows.
Near eaves often have the frieze having appearance of rectangular strip which kind of frames part of facade.
The console call the support fixed only on one end acting from wall. Such elements apply to support of eaves, balconies and other rather heavy objects which can go beyond the facade plane. Stucco mouldings, consoles, arches allow to cover shortcomings of construction from eye and to transfer attention to building advantages.
The terrace, balcony or ladder can be issued by special protection – balustrade which is carried out from separate columns of bizzare shape (rail-posts). The balustrade is usually supplemented by handrail and vases located on supports.
Among other architectural forms the column – the column having circular or rectangular cross section stands alone. It is applied both as load bearing part of design, and for the purpose of decoration of facade. For construction of columns use not only stone, but also tree and metal. It is accepted to subdivide column into three parts conditionally. The lower basis is called base. Perceiving the main loading, the column pedestal is obliged to be very strong. The main part of column – trunk (body). Quite often the trunk is narrowed to upper part and carried out with relief – vertical or horizontal trenches. Upper part of column – capital. Its function – dispatch of load going from the supported element.
The pilaster imitating column is intended for registration of vertically located ledges of walls. By means of such elements the general rhythm to other decorative elements of facade is set and the general composition of walls is made out. The outer door framed with pilasters quite can receive the name of front access door.
Need esthetic registration as well house windows. Long since apply slopes, platbands, windowsills and top stones crowning the main design to this purpose. Such decorative elements significantly improve visual perception of facade.
Include in structure of front decor also medallions, blades, different types of panel. For their production not only the natural stone and plaster, but also modern types of materials, including plastic is widely used. The decorative concrete which was widely used in registration of facades is tamperproof.
Over windows, niche or door have small eaves – sandrik. It is decorated with stucco molding or patterns. Sandrik is capable to perform not only decorative function, but also to protect glasses from rain. In the middle of sandrik at window opening have the top stone having the wedge-shaped form.
Platbands call levels which put at the edges of window opening. In addition to platbands the slopes decorating aperture from within fix.
Materials for production of elements of facade
For creation of elements of front decor use the widest range of materials. Plaster belongs to the most popular. It is very plastic though it has considerable weight and is not too cheap. It is recommended to make decorative elements of plaster in the presence of rugged wall constructions.
In registration of facade different types of composite materials were widely used (polimerbeton, steklofibrobeton). They differ in durability, with their help it is possible to imitate the invoice of wild stone successfully. Expanded polystyrene and polyurethane best of all is suitable for easy decorative elements. Their main advantage – comparative simplicity of mounting.