Grapes bushes due to the properties and specifics of growth tend to growth that results in neglect of rod and decline in quality of harvest. That to avoid it, and berries were large and tasty, bushes - strong, healthy and created, it is necessary to make cutting of grapes, deleting part of old rod and certain quantity of young gain.
When to carry out cutting of grapes
If to speak about ukryvny wine growing, then will correctly cut off grapes in the fall that first of all allows to cover completely bushes for the forthcoming wintering. Moreover, in the spring, at disclosure of grapes, care for bushes is considerably facilitated, and the harvest will please with the abundance.
Spring cutting of grapes as during this period the plant hardly endures wounds from cuts is not recommended and can even ache. Cutting of young saplings which have not begun to fructify yet, at the beginning of March is possible at steady temperature from +5 °C.
The scrap of grapes cannot call cutting in the summer in the standard concept as during this period the bushes pasynkutsya, minted, thinned out by breaking of excess branches. These events are held in the preventive purposes for exception of developing of diseases and also for ensuring necessary access of sunlight to clusters what is necessary for their full ripening.
In summer months, knowing as it is correct to cut off grapes, on densely planted bushes it is possible to thin out in addition leaves that to clusters enough oxygen arrived, and they were better aired.
Autumn cutting of grapes
To leave well ripened rod the next year, the leading wine-growers recommend to make autumn cutting of grapes in two stages.
Right after harvesting the rod of grapes is cleaned from links which fructified in the current season and also the sickly escapes which are slowing down growth of bush are cut off. The main cutting is made in two weeks after have fallen down leaves. The first frosts are not terrible for rod, and to some extent are even useful to training, but at scrap the mark in the thermometer should not fall below value of -3 °C. Otherwise the rod will become withdrawal pains and will be damaged at the shelter of vineyard.
There are some differences in technique of cutting of young sapling and long-term bush. So, on young saplings it is necessary to delete every year unnecessary escapes and to form bush, having chosen one of schemes of cutting. At the same time it is recommended to leave 3-8 sleeves which grow from the earth at an angle and, subsequently, will fructify.
Correctly to cut off the grapes fructifying many years, especially if it is started, it is necessary to spend more efforts and time. But to put bushes in order and it is possible to increase their productivity for what it is necessary to perform the following operations:
- at the beginning of September to remove young escapes which reach half-meter height from the earth on long-term rod;
- the escapes located on rod more than 80 cm high from the earth to kill at 10% of all their length and to remove side stepsons;
- in the middle of October it is necessary to choose two most developed escapes located at the height of 80 cm from the earth;
- the lower escape which is located on external part of sleeve should be cut off, having left at the same time 3-4 peepholes for further development of the created replacement branch;
- the escape which is above from the opposite side is cut off, having left 5-12 eyes for forming of fruit arrow (the quantity of eyes is equated to diameter of escape and couple of additional eyes are left in case of freezing);
As a result after cutting of grapes on bush there have to be long-term powerful trunks which grow perpendicular to the earth, and rod with kidneys which next year will flush and will fructify.
That cuts better and quicker grew, it is necessary to cut off correctly grapes, prirezy run from that party which is directed to the middle of bush. At cuts from different sides the sokodvizheniye of branch is broken, and the next year the quantity of harvest can be reduced. It is also necessary to watch quality of cut which has to be smooth and not stratify rod.
Having executed all specified actions for cutting of grapes, it is possible to provide in the fall pledge of good harvest the next year and to prevent development of diseases of bushes.