The autoclave call the device intended for implementation of various processes during the heating and pressure increment. In medicine the autoclaves use as sterilizer, in chemistry – as the chemical reactor accelerating reaction and increasing product yield. For the first time the autoclave has been invented in 1879 and is widely used to this day.
The autoclave looks as the closed or opening vessel which is rotating, shaking, horizontal, vertical and columned. It can be equipped with the portable, external or internal heat exchanger and also air, electromagnetic or mechanical stirring device.
If necessary on the autoclave controlling instruments which take are installed and regulate pressure, temperature, liquid level, etc.
The design of the autoclave represents the capacity which capacity is from several dozen centimeters cubic, to hundreds of cubic meters. Maximum temperature for work with autoclaves – 150 MN/sq.m, and maximum temperature – 500 wasps. Chemical production usually uses bessalnikovy autoclaves with the screened electric motor which does not demand additional consolidation. Construction feature of such autoclave is the engine rotor got on shaft of the mixer and covered with the thin-walled hermetic screen. Construction (tunnel or deadlock) the autoclave externally looks as the pipe having from 3 to 6 meters in the diameter and 15-20 meters in length. This pipe is closed by cover with bayonet lock – in deadlock autoclaves on the one hand, in tunnel – from two parties. The food industrial autoclave is the horizontal and vertical tanks possessing wide range of versions, operation principles and the sizes.
So, in horizontal autoclaves it is possible to sterilize not only products in rigid container, but also in semifixed/soft packing.
Autoclaves are used by chemical production of herbicides, organic dyes and semi-products and also in synthesis processes. In hydrometallurgy the autoclaves are used when leaching with further restoration from solution of rare elements, precious and non-ferrous metals. Also use of autoclaves is obligatory during the curing of rubber technical products, sterilization and pasteurization of products, in construction and medicine. They are used for creation of products from carbon fabrics-fiber and giving of solid form to them. Repair, examination and service of autoclaves is carried out only by experts in special technical services.