Frame houses – the inexpensive, easily built designs which are more often applied in country construction in many countries of the world. Such house represents the framework from wood established on the facilitated base and warmed by foam concrete, ecocotton wool, mineral wool or other heaters. From outer side of wall of the house are sheathed by plywood, OSB or cement and chip plates.
The construction method of frame houses is more often used at construction of cottages, country houses and country houses. Frame wooden houses have appeared in Canada in the middle of the twentieth century therefore often such technology is called Canadian. Later it has extended in the USA and across Europe, having become especially popular in the Scandinavian countries. Frame houses differ in democratic character of the price, simplicity in construction, good thermal insulation and other advantages. Many companies are engaged in construction of frame houses, but if desired it is possible to build such house also the hands that will reduce expenses significantly.
Design of the frame house
The first step in construction of the house is creation or the choice of the ready project. Independently to create the project of the house, it is desirable to use the special computer program which helps to count various options for a short time. Treat creation of the project very responsibly as construction time, material consumption, quality of the house and many other factors depend on this first step. Proceeding from assignment of the house, determine its future sizes, calculate planning, design the device of roof and load bearing walls, do not forget to consider location of the house on the site and concerning parts of the world, availability by some other buildings (which have to be at distance not less than three meters for ensuring fire safety), consider auxiliary rooms, for example, the boiler house.
The technology of frame houses is used generally for low construction – it is not recommended to build such house higher than two floors, at the same time it is desirable to make the second the floor mansard.
If you do not have enough experience, time or confidence to create own project, address to firm which is engaged in development of projects of the house or find the ready project in the Internet. Check that it included the plan of the base, the plan of beams of floor and overlapping, the specification for all elements of the house, the plan for floors, it is desirable also three-dimensional views of the house. Ordering the plan from the designer, coordinate everything, even the most small parts – window and door openings, walls, partitions.
Creation of the base for the frame house
Frame houses are made of light materials – tree and heater, they low therefore they do not need too strong and deep base. For such house it is enough to make the melkozaglublenny continuous or column footing, the technology of the combined base from concrete blocks is also sometimes applied. During creation of continuous footing which assumes carrying out strip from reinforced concrete surely use armature. If you have chosen combined type, provide strong fastening to the lower binding. To distribute loading at the column base, use monolithic grillage.
Device of timber frame construction
The structure of the frame house looks so: from tree or metal the framework is built, heater keeps within wall intervals. It is desirable to build timber frame construction from well dried up tree of coniferous breeds processed by special antiseptics, such framework costs at least 35% cheaper metal, it weighs less therefore does not demand expensive base. It is desirable to use high-quality bar with a section not less than 150 square millimeters. The framework can begin to be built after the base has stood at least seven days. At first check grillage surfaces – if they not ideally equal, then they need to be leveled by means of solution. Then it is necessary to carry out by means of roofing material waterproofing on the base. Lay bars of the lower binding, record on corners among themselves by method of sample and fix by wooden dowels. Fix the lower binding to the base by means of nut with washer.
Connections are made by means of the thorn groove method or with use of wooden dowels, it is undesirable to use metal fixtures because of which the tree can begin to decay.
Establish anchors with step about one meter, without exceeding 2.4 meters. Check levels, right angles and diagonals of the lower binding, at this stage of the plane it is possible to level electroplane. Establish vertical racks, fix them by steel corners and temporary hay crops. Establish floor logs with step no more than sixty centimeters, level them among themselves and fix by steel corners. Make draft floor, lay on it heater, lay paroizolyatsionny material and put floor. Fix bar of the top binding in the same way, as lower. Remove temporary hay crops. Fix vertical racks by constant hay crops, previously having double-checked all verticals and diagonals. Establish ceiling beams by means of steel corners or brackets. Build roof framework. Establish windows in framework structure. They have to occupy about 18% of the space of wall.
Covering of walls, covering of roof and warming
Roof metal tile, ceramic tile, slate or other material. Spend covering at home by means of OSB or plywood. Between vertical racks and horizontal bindings lay thermal insulation material with low heat conductivity, for example, mineral or ecocotton wool over which gypsum cardboard is put. If necessary warm roof.