At individual construction for construction of residential or subsidiary units, pile continuous footings are most often used. They allow to conduct construction on the weakened soil: sand, clay, loams, manage cheap and do not demand participation of qualified specialists.
Features of pile continuous footings
Pile continuous footing will become good basis for small and not heavy houses with the first floor, the basement or cellar. Its construction is economically feasible on dry nepuchnisty soil, for construction of baths and garages. It is optimal variant and for cases of uneven, hilly relief of the site – horizontal position of the base can achieve easily, varying length of the used piles.
Most often the tape of the base is carried out in the form of the grillage (the beams or plates laid on piles) repeating the contour external circuit of walls of the house that it allows to distribute evenly load of piles and to prevent their inclination. The volume of earthwork operations at such way of construction of the base considerably decreases that allows to reduce terms of construction and to reduce its cost.
Preparatory work
Before beginning laying of pile continuous footing, order engineering-geological researches on the site, define type of soil and depth of their freezing. Make sure that such type of the base is optimum in your case. Preparatory work which on terms can borrow to third of all time of construction of the base include clearing of the site and marking of the place where the foundation will be laid. Put and designate internal and its external circuits, define the lowest point which will be reference mark of depth of the trench put under the base if the house not heavy and the area it is small, it is enough to dig out trench on depth of 40 cm. For digging of trench it is possible to use both hand tool, and the excavator, but anyway try that walls of ditch were strictly vertical. Mark the locations of piles from each corner of the base. Between them there have to be about 120-150 cm.
Pile continuous footing width for the small house can be about 40-50 cm, it has to be 10 cm more, than thickness of walls.
Installation of piles
Piles establish in the drilled openings. For them the special drills allowing to make openings in the earth with the basis in the form of bell are used. Diameter of openings at the basis – 30 cm, depth of wells – about 180 cm. Into the mouth of each well insert glass from folded roofing material, the armature rods on the ends bent by hook. Through glasses of the well fill in with concrete, and in week when it finally stiffens, cover heads of piles with waterproofing, for this purpose it is possible to use bitumen.
Armature will assume loads of bend and will prevent destruction of piles.
Laying of grillage
Between piles on bottom of trench put pillow from sand over which - sheets of roofing material, put metal sleeves for air vents. Establish timbering, having leveled it by means of level across, fill in it with brand concrete not below M250. In 2 weeks remove timbering and remove sandy pillow that between soil and tape of grillage there was gleam 10-15 cm high necessary for compensation of raising of soil at freezing or thawing. From above lay roofing material for waterproofing on grillage and begin wall construction.