To provide country house with clear potable water, of course, it is the simplest to dig out well on the site. However water quality in such sources, unfortunately, often leaves much to be desired. And it is not too convenient to go every time to well with bucket, certainly. Therefore many owners of seasonal dachas prefer to equip on it more reliable source of water supply — the well.
There is drilling of the well, unfortunately, pretty expensively. However, if soil on the site not stony and not too dense, but water lies not especially deeply, it is possible to drill the water-bearing mine and just the hands.
Views of wells
Three main types of wells are equipped on country sites usually:
- "on sand";
- artesian;
- the Abyssinian.
The most qualitative potable water in owner-occupied dwelling can be pumped from artesian well. Owners of such mines often even should not buy deep pumps. Water from artesian well under big pressure comes to light. The special device blocking stream is just put on casing pipe of such mine.
It is convenient to use artesian well, certainly. However such mines have depth very big — to 200 m. It is impossible to drill such well the hands without availability of the special equipment, of course.
Wells "on sand" usually also have pretty considerable depth. Passing in this case should be done on 15-50 m. Sometimes owners of country sites drill the hands and such mines. However arrive just in case soil on the site not the rocky, but sandy water-bearing stratum lies at depth no more than 15-20 m.
Most often independently owners of country sites for providing with water owner-occupied dwelling or giving equip on the site nevertheless Abyssinian wells. In principle, such mine is kind of the well "on sand". But it is drilled on special technology and only when the water-bearing stratum on the site lies rather close to earth surface — at depth of 7-15 m.
Technology of drilling of Abyssinian well
Distinctive feature of wells of this type is that at their arrangement casing pipes are not used. The mine in this case has very small, about 2 inches, diameter also is equipped with use of the tool of special design — boring shell needle of Norton.
Such adaptation is normal steel perforated pipe of small diameter with sharp tip. Construction of surface facilities for the well when using shell of Norton by mechanical punched hole of soil is made.
In process of deepening to the earth this tool is increased by pipes of the same diameter with thread on the end. Upon termination of drilling all collected thus kolonkovy design remains in the earth and performs in the subsequent functions of casing pipe.
How to make the equipment for drilling with own hands
The boring installation intended for punched hole of artesian well can be made with use of different technologies. For example, it is possible to make such equipment with use of the following materials and tools:
- pipes with a diameter of 1-1.5 inches, it is desirable made of the AISI 304 food steel;
- tube section of the smaller diameter (twenty);
- peaks from pick hammer;
- roofing self-tapping screws;
- screw driver;
- plates from thick leaf became.
Pipes for passing of such well it is possible to use also thicker. Material selection in this case first of all depends on mine depth. If water lies at depth up to 7 meters from the surface of soil, it will be possible to give it to the house in the subsequent by means of the normal vacuum pump. Such equipment is installed directly in caisson.
If water is located below, for its fence it is necessary to use the submersible pump on rope. That is pipes in this case should be bought more dimensional — with a section not less than 80 mm. Otherwise the pump in the subsequent simply will not enter the well.
The self-made equipment for passing of the Abyssinian well as follows is manufactured:
- the pica from the chipper is welded on one of pipes from face;
- at length approximately 1.5 meters in pipe walls the self-tapping screws drill openings in chessboard order with step to 15-20 m;
- the metal plate is reliably welded on pipe twenty piece face so that strictly horizontal site was formed;
- the handles bent from thick metal rod are welded on plate from two parties.
The first pipe with openings when drilling the well will play role of drive shell in the subsequent, and at its operation — the filter. If for passing of the mine large diameter pipes are used, the sharp tip for punched hole is usually made of plates of thick steel. At the same time in body of the first pipe instead of openings the Bulgarian cuts slots.
Drilling of the well the hands: instruction
Drilling of the well with use of the equipment manufactured by the hands as follows is made;
- the first pipe with tip is chucked in with sledge hammer depth providing it stability and leveled with use of level;
- the pipe with the site welded on it is inserted into pipe with tip;
- on site some very heavy load, for example, concrete masonry units is fixed;
- blockage of pipe with tip to the earth is made;
- in process of deepening the pipe by means of welding is increased.
Two persons have to perform work on blockage in this case, of course. To fix cargo on site, to it on perimeter, for example, it is possible to weld several pieces of rods.
Arrangement of caisson
For water supply to the house the Abyssinian well will need to be equipped with the pump, of course. The caisson for such mine is equipped approximately on such technology:
- around the pipe hammered into the earth the hole by length and 1 m wide is dug out;
- from the house to hole at a small angle (for draining of residues of water and exception of possibility of freezing of pipe) the trench is dug;
- the pipe keeps within trench;
- pipes in the mine are cut off to the necessary length;
- walls and bottom of caisson are concreted;
- the well binding is made;
- the caisson is covered, made, for example, of piece of metal.
If desired for Abyssinian well it is possible to get also ready plastic caisson. In this case the owner of the country site will only need to dig out actually ditch around pipe. Factory caissons are made usually of light strong plastic today. Therefore, to establish such design by the hands, without use of special equipment, it is possible.
Technology of drilling of the well "on sand"
As it was already mentioned, sometimes for providing the house with water the owners of country sites equip also such mines. The punched hole of wells "on sand" can be made on different technologies. But owners of owner-occupied dwellings usually drill such mines the hands with use of hydraulic pump and installation of screw type.
The equipment for passing of the well "on sand" is independently manufactured in most cases as follows:
- weld supporting structure from the round or pro-thinned-out pipe;
- from pipes of large diameter with use of corners or metal plate collect mobile element carriage with site for the motor reducer;
- make drill screw, by welding to pipe at a small angle of knives;
- put on the carriage supporting structure (pipe in pipe);
- install the motor reducer;
- by means of the swivel unite reducer, hose of the water pump and drill.
Near the place of drilling of the well when using such technology dig out two hitches. One of them when drilling serves as settler. Flowing down from it in the second hitch located is slightly lower, purified water gets the pump and moves back in drill.
If desired the boring hydroelectric power plant can be made also without use of the motor reducer and the swivel. In this case the hose from the pump joins directly drill. Also on pipe with use of blooming collar horizontal adaptation which will play handle role in the subsequent is fixed.
Production of such equipment, of course, cheaper than installation with the motor will manage. But hydrodrilling in this case will be process, certainly, much more labor-consuming. When using such equipment for handles not less than 2 persons have to twist drill.
To all other, without application of supporting structure the screw can enter the earth with verticality deviation. In this case to the water mine in the subsequent it will be very difficult, and even it can be impossible at all, to insert casing pipe. Therefore at manual drilling to the owner of the country site it is necessary attentively, to watch with use of level also vertical position of entry of pipe into the earth.
The caisson for the well "on sand" is equipped on the same technology, as for Abyssinian well. If desired such design in this case can also be filled in from concrete or to use already ready purchased plastic capacity.