Foot-and-mouth disease - the viral disease affecting domestic and wild animals. Without restrictive measures the disease can be transmitted to the person. At fight against disease, quarantine and all-sanitary methods of influence are applied.
Foot-and-mouth disease – dangerous viral disease which causes loss to both small agricultural grounds, and farms. Infecting agent is Dermaphilus. Despite the small sizes it has high ability to infection. More often the disease begins with the damaged sites of skin and mucous, will extend through raw milk, meat.
The virus not bad transfers temperature drops, freezing, keeps the viability in the manure, products received from sick animals. On wool they can hold on up to 27 days. At hit on clothes the strain will keep the properties for 3.5 months.
Mainly artiodactyl animals have foot-and-mouth disease. The krupnokopytny cattle, pigs, sheep, goats, deer is most subject to disease. Camels are less sensitive. Infection can occur at any age, but the young growth has most a serious illness.
Symptoms
At the animals living under natural conditions the illness proceeds sharply. Adults sometimes have abortive current. It is followed by short-term rise of temperature, quickly occurring recovery. At adult individuals the foot-and-mouth disease has good-quality character more often.
The incubation period averages 3 days. Treats the first signs:
- reduction of appetite;
- slackness of chewing gum;
- the increased salivation.
In process of progressing of disease temperature rises to mark in 40-41 degrees. Pulse becomes speeded up, the general state is broken. By 2-3 day on inside face of the upper and lower lip and also in language and cheeks afta appear. In certain cases wounds develop on udder.
Afta in several days form ulcers which need about a week for healing. On corners of mouth foam appears.
The diagnosis is established with at Chet of situation in the region, pathoanatomical picture and results of the analysis of laboratory. It is important to define precisely virus to make right choice of vaccine. It is connected with the fact that there are many serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease. Recovered animals at infection with other version gets sick repeatedly.
Treatment
Practically all actions are directed to elimination of symptoms. Therapeutic manipulations can bring fast result if to provide proper maintenance and feeding, drug treatment.
Animals are isolated from healthy individuals for two weeks. For this time the physical activity is limited. This action allows to prevent damage of myocardium. Are prescribed medicines which:
- Eliminate stomatitis. Antiseptic solutions and mouth ointments concern them.
- Treat damage of skin. The good effect can be reached by means of sprays.
- Allow to avoid complications. Apply antibiotics, antiflogistant. Work of myocardium is supported by introduction of special heart medicines.
Prevention
If the foot-and-mouth disease is diagnosed, impose quarantine on farm. Throughput posts will be organized, footwear and clothes pass obligatory for disinfection. Sick animals are slaughtered on lethal site. Meat is forbidden to be taken out on meat-processing plants. The quarantine is removed in 21 days after the last case of recovery.
The order of carrying out preventive immunization is defined by the order of the head of veterinary service. At the same time vaccines are applied to that version which poses threat in specific case. Sufficient level of antibodies is provided if to young growth to put inoculation every three months, and the adult – in each half a year.
In conclusion we will note: delivery of virus from the unsuccessful countries is basic reasons of spread of foot-and-mouth disease. There is it mainly because of illegal delivery of animals, livestock products and forages. Sometimes flashes of epidemics arise against the background of natural disasters.