Forming of kroner of fruit-trees – the important agrotechnical reception allowing to achieve the maximum efficiency of saplings and to avoid development of diseases.
Main rules of forming of krone of apple-tree
For forming of apple-tree the gardeners use special agrotechnical reception – cutting, it stimulates growth of the sleeping kidneys located at the beginning of growth of branches. At this reception the uneven-age branches are coordinated with each other, the skeletal skeleton of tree takes the form necessary to the gardener, its growth and direction of branches gives in to adjustment. As a result – the productivity of tree increases. Basic rule of forming of krone: presence of the central conductor with which into accord all other branches are brought. One of vertically growing branches is considered the central conductor, the strongest and developed which serves as tree axis, the main load of skeleton is placed on it.
At scrap of apple-tree the gardeners make shortening and thinning of branches. When shortening branch, growing on side escapes, are cut off on 1/3 part of their length. It reaches thickening and strengthening of skeleton of tree, it in this case is capable to maintain considerable loadings at big harvest. When using this reception it is possible to eliminate such defect of fruit-trees as frequency of fructification – at regular cutting the fruit kidneys are stuffed up annually. Thinning reaches rejuvenation and improvement of krone.
Ways of cutting
When forming krone the weak, directed inside, thickening krone, growing up at an acute angle branches are removed. Their cutting "on ring", i.e. without stump is made. The cut is covered with the garden thief. Requirements to the remained branches: they have to grow at an angle 40-60 degrees after the relation to the central conductor. Any other arrangement can adversely affect quality of tree, and at abundant harvest of branch can break under the pressure of wind and rain. If nevertheless the gardener has decided to leave several such branches, it is necessary by means of the pegs hammered into the earth and cords tied to them to give to branch other situation, having increased the angle of growth.
When to cut off apple-tree
Cutting has to be made in the early spring, prior to the beginning of sokodvizheniye to minimize the harm done to tree. This procedure is usually carried out annually, since third year of life of tree. At this time forming of branches of the first order is carried out: they have to be shorter than the conductor on 20-25 cm, 5-6 such branches are left, all others leave. The next year, incorrectly growing and weak branches are cut out, and all others are brought into accord with the central conductor by means of partial cutting. Forming of krone of apple-tree comes to the end by 6-7 years, but also subsequently it is necessary to rejuvenate annually krone, cutting out old, the patients thickening branch krone. Only in this case it is possible to count that fruit-trees will grow and fructify long time.