Now calculation of insolation - one of the most acute lighting, economic and social and legal issues. As insolation time for territories and rooms is enshrined in sanitary and construction standards that this rationing and determines housing density – the less time of insolation, the density level is higher.
Instruction
1. Upon transition of land use and building sector to market basis of standard of insolation of housing began to act as the major factor constraining the aspiration of owners, investors and tenants of the parcels to pereuplotnit urban development for the sake of the greatest profit.
2. The insolation is the level of illumination of buildings, constructions and also their internal rooms the sunshine falling under different inclination. It can be probable, actual and astronomical. The actual insolation is in direct dependence on the direction and form of buildings, location of the rated room, windows, balconies and, unlike probable, is defined only by natural observations.
3. The insolation is calculated by means of geometrical (spatio-temporal) and power methods of calculation. The first of them give answers to questions: from where, from what area of cut, where to what day and annual period and during what time arrive (does not come) sunshine? Power methods calculate density of streams of beams of the sun, irradiance which is created by them, exposure in radiant or light, bactericidal and other measuring units.
4. To make calculations, define geometrical characteristics of the building, room, site, etc. and also the objects shading them. At the same time it is necessary to consider the latitude of the area and the direction of the parties. As a result the sizes characterizing insolation turn out (quantity of its intervals, time in minutes and hours, percent of the territory which is subject to sunshine).
5. In practical activities apply two ways of calculation of insolation: manual (by means of the insolyatsionny schedule) and automated (by means of special programs). In the automated way calculation is conducted more precisely and much quicker, taking into account various nuances of building. Manual method is used when the carried-out calculations do not apply for high accuracy.
6. Assessment of insolation is carried out on several indicators among which there is its duration in annual and daily cycles, quantity of the beams arriving on object of energy and ultra-violet radiation and others.