The base of any construction can be easily destroyed under the influence of soil moisture and atmospheric precipitation. That to secure it, it is necessary to lay reliable waterproofing course. As protective structure it is possible to use bituminous mastic of different modifications. The durability of operation of all building depends on right choice of material.
Waterproofing bituminous mastic has set of the physical and engineering properties necessary for protection of the base from washing out. There are several types of this material which are operated at different environmental conditions. It is important to choose correctly type of bituminous mastic and its producer.
Advantages and features for waterproofing
Mastic — construction and finishing material which possesses elasticity large-scale provides great adhesion with walls of the base and protects all building construction from moisture pick-up and the subsequent erosion. Bituminous structures have the following advantages in comparison with analogs:
- long preservation of waterproofing course when cracking material or further shrinkage;
- prevention of emergence and development of processes of corrosion to which metal constructive parts can be exposed;
- maximum protection of walls of the base against mold;
- excellent penetration into time of construction and their fast filling;
- simplicity of drawing — it is possible not to use the professional help, and to perform all works independently until mastic closes all sites of the base;
- possibility of use of this means for mounting of rolled waterproofing;
- expanded temperature range — mastic is not afraid of frosts and extreme heat;
- available cost and economical expense.
The only shortcoming inherent in low-quality bituminous mastic, fast cracking after drawing and drying is. Therefore it is not necessary to buy the cheapest materials from unknown producers, products with bad effective lives. These factors matter for exploitation of bituminous structure.
Main versions
Upon purchase of bituminous mastic it is necessary to learn precisely features of structure and technology of application of product to use it for designated purpose. All means are classified by drawing method on "cold" and "hot". Before processing of the base they should be brought to certain temperature. In assortment at many producers "hot" mastics which differ on heat resistance are provided. They are used by professional builders who are informed of all safety instructions. If you are going to equip independently waterproofing course, it is necessary to choose "cold" mastics. This type of coating material is much more easy-to-work and does not demand difficult preliminary preparation — usually mastic is only carefully mixed. Only in cold season for simple drawing material needs to be warmed up slightly. In the winter at negative temperatures it is necessary to use special bituminous and polymeric structures from the checked producers.
Mastics for waterproofing are organic and water-soluble, one-component and two-component. Means which part one ingredient is do not need to be prepared for drawing on walls. You can get weight from packing, properly mix and begin laying. Two-component mastics need to be kneaded previously and at once to get to work that material has not managed to harden. They differ increased storage life and durability after drawing, but because of number of difficulties have not become widespread in construction and finishing activity yet. Mastics classify and on condition of hardening — some structures remain to floor firm even after final skhvatyvaniye. Bitumen — the main component of reliable waterproofing structure. It is possible to allocate the following types of mastics which it enters:
- Rubber — have excellent viscosity, density, elasticity, if necessary get divorced solvents. The term of drying of each layer varies from 6 to 12 hours. The consumption of material can reach 1.5 l on square meter. For ideal coupling and formation of film on wall surface previously it is humidified. Primer in work with bituminous rubber mastic is not necessary.
- Water emulsion with several modified polymeric substances. Have no pungent smell, are ideal for interior and exterior finish, perfectly protect the base from destruction and quickly dry in 5-7 hours.
- Latex (in basis rubber and water emulsion) — single-component structures which are on sale in finished form. Before drawing it is recommended to process surface primer. It is not necessary to warm up this mastic and in frosts.
- Oil — are resistant to negative temperatures. Previously get divorced solventy or gasoline.
- Surely get divorced water or solvent, have liquid consistence, are easily applied on surface with brush or the roller, by means of special spray. The term of drying of this structure does not exceed 4-5 hours.
Main requirements and criteria: what has to be good mastic for waterproofing?
The covering from mastic has to turn out strong and durable, differently it will not turn out to reach the necessary level of waterproofing protection. Therefore upon purchase of material it is necessary to evaluate it from position of the main criteria of quality, to attentively study effective lives and structure. Consider also the following requirements to structure:
- mixture has to be homogenous, without foreign impurity which can create air locks;
- the maximum elasticity is necessary for simplicity of drawing;
- lack of toxic substances which can be emitted to the environment;
- high heat resistance — from 70 wasps;
- full water tightness — obligatory property for all mastics of bituminous type;
- excellent coupling with surface;
- constant physicomechanical characteristics which should not be lost throughout all operational period.
Products of TechnoNIKOL and its feature
Actively apply bituminous mastics of this brand to private construction of buildings and constructions. They are made of water emulsions and solvents, applied in cold and hot look, applied by means of special purpose tool or manually. Bituminous mastics of TechnoNIKOL conform to the global standards of quality. It is possible to allocate several popular structures of this brand for base waterproofing:
- AquaMast — in structure the oil knitting components, technical oils, mineral fillers, solvents. Weight is on sale already in finished form and is easily applied on the base from concrete, metal, brick, wood, well buried in soil.
- TechnoNIKOL No. 20 — consists of shredded rubber, minerals and oil asphalt. After full drying-out this material creates strong protecting cover which does not lose the properties and at sharp temperature differences.
- "Техномаст" — in basis the modified artificial rubber. This option differs in the high level of elasticity, durability, resistance to mechanical and atmospheric actions. under favorable conditions this mastic dries only per day.
- TechnoNIKOL No. 24 — rigid waterproofing material which does not strike with elasticity, but optimum is suitable for processing of metal surfaces.
- TechnoNIKOL No. 31 — the ultramodern heatresistant mastic showing good adhesion with different surfaces. It is combined with fiber glass fabric and rolled cloths. Before work with this structure it needs to be mixed and applied carefully on surface widely with brush, the palette. This substance works only at positive temperatures and be ideal for internal works.
- MKTN — mastic which does not demand preliminary heating. Butadiene-styrene thermoelastoplastic, solvent, filler and technological additives are part of products. Thanks to anticorrosion properties this structure effectively protects metal surfaces.
The last waterproofing material for the base can be operated at fluctuation from -200 to +300os. It is the steadiest option to which any weather patterns is not terrible.
Other producers: what mastics are preferred by buyers?
"GidroLux", Icopal, DonIzol, "MEBIS", Grida and other companies present the products at the domestic market. For example, mastic of the Grida brand represents dense homogenous mixture which is suitable for arrangement of the base at temperature not below +10os. This structure is diluted with organic solvent and is applied on surface, pretreated by primer with spatula.
And MEBIS mastic is characterized by speed of skhvatyvaniye (dries in only 3-4 hours), can be used at change of temperatures from -35 to +100os. The consumption of material depends on quality of training of surface, its structure and other criteria.
Several processing methods of waterproofing of the base by means of mastic
Often before drawing parent material the reinforcing and plastering of surface is required. Experts recommend to use also primer for improvement of adhesion of waterproofing material with the base. For this purpose it is possible to get primer which will strengthen surface, will fill time and minimizes mastic consumption.
The waterproofing needs to be put in four layers, laying between them fiber glass fabric for increase in durability. It is desirable to use the traditional palette if the structure has turned out too dense. Each layer of mastic has to dry out before drawing the following. Often masters do without fiber glass fabric, but use ruberoid cloths. They are pasted directly on mastic.