Not well-groomed vineyard grows very quickly, trying to master as much as possible living space. Annual cutting of grapes – the only opportunity to receive the fructifying rods and to help bush to cope with loading. In the course of work, old parts of krone and one-year escapes are usually removed or shortened. The task of the beginning wine-grower is to learn the basic principles of this procedure.
It is required to you
- - secateurs;
- - garden saw.
Instruction
1. Begin to cut off grapes at the beginning of spring, prior to the beginning of rough sokodvizheniye and swelling of eyes. Examine the wintered bush and estimate its condition. The plant should be thinned out: to remove the damaged, sick and underdeveloped branches. Carefully bend thick boughs towards secateurs and do cut by the sliding movement. Rods it should not be flattened! If necessary use garden saw with the divorced teeths.
2. At bush of the second vegetation cut off from 50 to 90% of one-year gain. Leave 2 strong escapes, having truncated them on 4 — 5 eyes. Try that wounds of the cut-off branches were small, especially on old wood – differently it is possible to cause necrosis of vegetable fabrics. During removal of branch at the basis some wine-growers advise to leave small pillows approximately 0.5 cm thick. The cut has to lie perpendicularly to axis of escape and to be absolutely equal.
3. Create "skeleton" of young bush. At grapes it is necessary to create artificially trunk (shtamb) – long-term part of stalk which will come to an end at the first branching of branches. Leave two sleeves (shoulder) – piece of long-term rod. On them new escapes will grow and to ripen berries.
4. Use popular cutting "on fruit link". On each sleeve it is necessary to leave small part of last year's rod with couple of escapes of the current year. Nizhny Novgorod – – truncate replacement knot on 3 kidneys. Top – fruit arrow - approximately on 6 eyes. This very important escape - you leave it for fructification.
5. The knot of replacement will allow bush to continue the development. When time of the following cutting of vineyard comes, one new rod on it will be again left for harvest, another will become new knot of replacement. Thus, you will create so-called bilateral fan forming in four sleeves. In the first vegetation your task is to grow up two strong escapes, in the second - four, in the third – eight.
6. On the third year of life of vineyard at you full-fledged bushes have to be created. At this age they can yield the first harvest therefore regulate fructification. Leave on each shoulder of 2-3 developed escapes, cut off the others approximately on 45 cm. Further you will regulate also quantity of inflorescences: leave 1 cluster of grapes with small berries on 1 escape; 1 cluster on 2 escapes – for krupnogrozdny grade.