The base — rugged construction, the lower part of the house, garage, the shed on which all overlying designs keep. As a rule, it is made of concrete, stone or tree. The bases it is necessary to zakoladyvat lower than frost depth of soil to prevent their swelling. On nepuchinisty soil when building easy wooden constructions apply the melkozaglublenny bases. Now the following types of the bases — tape, stakanny, column, pile and from plates are applied to construction of buildings. They are assembly, monolithic and assembly and monolithic. The choice of the base depends on seismicity of the area, soil and on architectural concepts. It is possible to do the base of concrete at temperature above 5 °C. To dig out trenches for the base, it is necessary to know some rules.
It is required to you
- - spade;
- - square-faced shovel;
- - twine;
- - pegs;
- - tape measure;
- - hammer.
Instruction
1. Be defined where at you there will take place building of that construction which you have conceived. Hammer the first peg from which all also will begin on the earth. If you the inexperienced builder, then make to yourself triangle of boards with right angle, with the parties not less than 2 meters. Apply triangle to your peg, plan where the base where at it will be width and where length will go. Let's say the building will be 4 by 5 meters in size, then it is necessary to lay the foundation 420 by 520 cm. Width is stocked for creation of ledge (socle) at future base. Width of hole of the base depends on from what material there will be building, if brick or concrete blocks, then it has to be wider, and if wooden, then it is possible also narrower.
2. Measure 420 cm from the first peg, hammer still peg. In another I will shift 520 cm and too put peg. So make all 4 corners. Pull twine between stakes. It will be outer side of the building. Let's say base width at you will be 40 cm, recede on all perimeter from the first twine of 40 cm and make the second line of pegs, connect them rope. At you the drawing of the base on the earth has turned out.
3. Take spade, cut through the turf on all perimeter at the edges, the planned twine. Cut out the turf equal squares and put somewhere aside, it can be useful to you for creation of natural lawn somewhere on the waste ground. Then begin to dig soil in any place. Be defined what will be base depth, the will be heavier on it cargo, the more deeply it is necessary to dig. For the brick one-storey building, there will be 60-70 cm enough. When digging remove the earth on 1 bayonet, revolving, clean the earth square-faced shovel. Throw the most important, soil in future construction. Because when you will flood the base with concrete, then above the ground level it brick still of ranks on 5. The earth needs to be powdered to these bricks from within, it gives additional warmly in the base. So, you have dug out the base completely. Now it is necessary to strew its bottom with sand layer not less than 5-10 cm and to begin to fill in hole with concrete!