The spacious and dry basement under the house is desirable for any owner. In it it is possible to arrange workshop, boiler room, the storeroom for products also many other things. In basements of some houses, garages, billiard rooms and even pools are equipped. It is reasonable to build the basement along with construction of the house. Expenses in this case appear much less, than at its device in already ready house.
- - concrete;
- - roofing material or hydrostekloizol;
- - bituminous pitch;
- - construction tool (shovels, axe, saw, hammer and so forth);
- - sand;
- - crushed stone;
- - timber for timbering.
1. Determine depth of laying of continuous footing taking into account that it will serve also as basement walls. It can be calculated by formula H = L + 0.1-K where: H – depth of laying of the foundation, in m; L – basement height (1.9-2.2 m usually are accepted); 0.1 - thickness of concrete floor in m; K – distance from ceiling of the basement (overlapping) to ground level, in m. Changing size K (increase or reduction of height of socle), it is possible to change depth of laying of the foundation. If underground waters lie highly, it is desirable to increase K distance, that is instead of the basement to build semi-basement.
2. Dig on building perimeter hole under the base. Thickness of its walls have to be increased in comparison with normal. It is connected with noncompensated soil pressure on the base outside (there will be empty basement spaces inside).
3. Establish timbering for the base, lay in it armature. The last can be put not on all depth, and in the form of separate belts. Flood the base, carrying out high-quality compacting of concrete mix.
4. Remove soil from internal space of the base 15-20 cm deeper than its heel. Choose the soil from under the base on half of its thickness. As a result of it internal part of walls will be kind of hanging on air.
5. Lay on basement bottom binding gravel with sand, stamp it. Fill in concrete floor so that its surface was centimeters of the base five higher than heel. It will allow to connect floor and walls in uniform design why all construction will develop additional strength.
6. Execute external waterproofing of the base. For this purpose select the earth from its surface, wash out and dry walls. Miss the mark the base with bituminous mastic and paste two layers of roofing material or hydrostekloizol, having stuck together them among themselves the same mastic. Again powder soil to walls.
7. Apply on half of the basement waterproofing how it is described in the previous step (bituminous mastic and two layers of roofing material). Execute tie about 5 cm thick over waterproofing. Thus, the basement will be from sides and from below protected from moisture. However if the level of underground water lies in zone of walls of the basement, this waterproofing can appear insufficiently. Water protection of the basements which are in underground waters is made by special rules.
8. Further works with the basement: its warming, facing of walls brick, the device of partitions and so forth – are carried out in each case depending on operating conditions and wishes of owners.