Potatoes are universal (food, fodder, technical) culture. Due to the caloric content it is called the second bread. This product contains carbohydrates, vitamins, proteins, mineral salts of calcium, the potassium, iron, iodine and other elements necessary for normal activity of the person. At cultivation of this culture of complexity can arise in pest control to which, first of all, it is possible to carry Colorado beetle, the wireworm and medvedka.
Instruction
1. The Colorado beetle and his larvae gnaw round leaves, scapes and stalks of plants. It promotes decrease in harvest of potatoes. After dying off of tops of vegetable they can gnaw the tubers unprotected by the soil. Wintering ground of bugs is the soil at depth of 20-40 cm. After emergence of shoots of potatoes on the lower leaves of female lay the eggs. They look as spots of orange or yellow color.
2. Later few weeks there are larvae which are actively gnawing round leaves of plants. Then they leave deep into soils where pupate and turn into adult individuals who postpone further the posterity. For one season several generations of wreckers can develop. It is the simplest to fight against larvae of the 1st and 2nd age. They can have gray, dark brown and red color, and their sizes, as a rule, do not exceed 4 mm. At their survival there are larvae of the 3rd and 4th age having brick or orange-yellow color 6-15 mm in size. The most serious damage to potatoes is caused by them.
3. Fight against Colorado beetle has to begin with the moment of emergence of the first shoots of plant. During this period the leaves with eggs of wreckers should be peeled manually with 4-5-day interval. After the tops of vegetable expands, the plant should be processed insecticides. From the biological insecticides which are most sparing ecology Bitoksibatsillin can allocate. It is effective in fight against larvae of the 1st and 2nd age. It is applied at the rate of 40-100 g on water bucket. The admissible number of processings – 3 times, with week break. The last processing has to be not later, than in 5 days prior to harvesting.
4. Against all age of bugs Aktellika and Fitoverma solutions are effective. The first is applied at the rate of 30 ml on bucket of water, from 1 to 3 processings with intervals from 7 to 10 days. When using the second, 10 ml of insecticide the number of processings – 1-3 times with 20-day interval is dissolved in water bucket.
5. From the chemical medicines applied once during mass distribution of Colorado beetle it is possible to allocate Konfidor (1 ml for water bucket), Aktara (1.2 g), "Sonnet" (2 ml). The last spraying has to be not later than 20 days before gathering potatoes.
6. Use of broth of wormwood bitter, tansy and other insecticidal plants belongs to eco-friendly ways of fight against the wrecker. For mixing of mortar from wormwood, 1 kg freshen plants should be boiled within 15 minutes in small amount of water then to filter and add up to 10 l. It is possible to add 40 g of laundry soap that it when spraying is better the bore to leaves to mix.
7. Wireworms most often damage potatoes tubers, gnawing through in them the roundish courses. Less often the lower parts of stalks are attacked by them. The damaged tubers lose seed and consumer qualities, gnilyam can be infected. Winter in the soil. Their highest concentration is observed on the littered with wheat grass or new sites.
8. Fight against the wireworm consists in regular destruction of weeds and redigging of the soil in the fall. Before landing of potato to the earth on depth up to 15 cm it is necessary to put baits (pieces of potatoes or carrots) and to note these places. In couple of days of trap are looked through, and wreckers are destroyed. For spring catching of the wireworm it is possible to display grass on all site, daily looking through it and killing wreckers. With their big number, it is more than 5 individuals on 1 sq.m, it is necessary to process the soil the medicine "Bazudin" (15 g on hundred part) or to water bushes with potassium permanganate solution (2-5 g on water bucket).
9. Medvedki accumulate on the humidified or low sites especially enriched with organic chemistry. They can podgryzat stalks and roots of potatoes, leading to withering of plant. Can gnaw pulp of tubers. Wintering ground – the soil at depth of 80 cm.
10. Catch medvedok by means of the site of baits which is evenly spread out to surfaces from fresh manure. In autumn time in the poles which have remained after potatoes it is necessary to put horse manure. The wreckers who have crowded there can be caught and destroyed easily. As option, it is possible to use the medicine "Thunder". It is brought in the soil on depth from 3 to 5 cm, at the rate of 300 g on hundred part.