The inoculation of fruit-trees not accidentally is considered one of the most interesting and useful methods of gardening. It allows to grow up for short terms tree with the set properties, to improve quality of fruits and even to remove their new grades. At the same time it is one of the most difficult gardening receptions and demands not only the corresponding knowledge, but also certain skills. That the inoculation of such fruit-trees as pears or apple-trees has passed successfully, it is necessary to follow number of rules.
It is required to you
- inoculative material (the prepared shanks with the sleeping kidneys), budding knife, garden saw, secateurs, garden var, polyethylene film and packages, elastic tape (insulating tape)
Instruction
1. Before beginning to impart tree, it is necessary to estimate its condition objectively. If height of pear is more than 4-5 m, and the gain makes less than 30 cm during season if the krone is strongly infilled, badly created and is insufficiently lit – the tree requires previously intensive care and the rejuvenating cutting. Otherwise the inoculation will not bring any benefit.
2. It is necessary to impart pear taking into account compatibility of stock and scion on their biological cycles. It means that you should not try to impart on stock with summer grade shank from tree with the late autumn or winter term of fructification. The same treats the winter and summer grades of scion imparted on one stock – some of them will feel oppressed and most likely will die.
3. The inoculation of trees can be carried out by two in different ways: to inoculation shank which is called also kopulirovky, and inoculation kidney or okulirovka. Irrespective of inoculation type, the replaced scion (shank) has to have still the unblown, "sleeping" kidneys. For this purpose inoculative material is prepared in advance – from November to March and stored in the cold room at temperature not higher than 2-4 degrees. Seeded plants to which pears belong begin to impart in the spring during active sokodvizheniye. The inoculation of pear can be carried out up to the end of blossoming of tree, to it it will not damage.
4. Unlike ornamental shrubs and stone trees, pears and apple-trees impart usually from cultural plant on wild. In cases when it is required to receive undersized grade of pear, the inoculation can be carried out on quince stock. Besides, according to many selectors the pear inoculation on quince stock allows to receive more sweet and large fruits.
5. Just before inoculation it is necessary to prepare all necessary tools and materials that it was possible to perform this operation quickly accurately. For this purpose except the most inoculative material (shanks) the sharp budding (kopulirovochny) knife, garden secateurs, one-handed saw, garden var, polyethylene film and insulating tape, and also transparent plastic bags will be necessary. The edge of budding knife has to be very fine and clean not to bring infection in wood.
6. Options of inoculation of pear kopulirovky (shank) exists very much. The most widespread and simple are: - simple kopulirovka (vpriklad); - the improved kopulirovka (with "uvula"); - kopulirovka in rasshchep and under bark. The choice of method depends on the sizes and condition of scion and stock, and also on skills of the gardener. After installation of scion, the inoculation is hardly rolled up by elastic or insulating tape, and all open cuts and joints are covered with the garden thief. Then for the best accretion plastic bags are atop put on. If scion rather long, over it it is desirable to establish protective arches from birds to avoid breakage. As protective arches it is convenient to use elastic young escapes of willow or filbert.