The water treatment filter — the device, certainly, demanded and necessary. In country houses, for example, devices of this type can be used for drinking water treatment in water supply system, to be part of design of heating services or water supply to the pool. Such device as well can be useful to fishermen, hunters, aquarians.
All filters which are available today in the market are divided into two main categories: rough water treatment and thin. If desired both of these types of devices can be manufactured including the hands.
Types of preliminary filters
Devices of this type are intended for removal from water of various mechanical impurity. Preliminary filters are capable to detain particles from 20 to 500 microns in size.
Devices of this type often are installed, for example, in pools and aquariums. Such devices as well in the house systems of water supply and heating for protection of circulating pumps against breakages because of hit in firm particles are used. Also such filters are installed in the lower part of casing pipes in mines of wells.
Exists as far as types of preliminary filters:
- Mesh devices. The basic filtering element in devices of this type is the grid capable to detain particles from 50 to 400 microns in size.
- Flange and clutch filters. Water in such devices is purified in special settler.
- Cartridge or cartridge. Various fibrous materials — polypropylene fiber, polyester, etc. are usually inserted into flask of such filters.
To make with own hands mesh or flange preliminary filter, of course, it will be pretty problematic. And here to manufacture the cartridge device of this type of independently special work, most likely, will not make.
What materials will be required for production of preliminary filter
For assembly of the cartridge device of this type it will be necessary to prepare by the hands:
- one plastic bottle with cover;
- piece of foam rubber 4.5 cm thick;
- copper tube with a diameter of 8 mm;
Also glue, scissors and hacksaw with flat-nose pliers will be necessary.
How to make flowing preliminary filter
Before starting production of such device, in bottle cover on the center it is necessary to make opening. It is also necessary to saw off piece about 4-5 cm long from copper tube. Assembly actually the preliminary filter make in this case as follows:
- the bottle is cut in half with use of sharp scissors;
- mark on foam rubber circle on diameter of bottle;
- cut out foam circle;
- insert into part of bottle with neck piece of cotton wool;
- over cotton wool insert the cut foam circle.
It is accurately optional to cut out circle from foam rubber too. The main thing is to achieve that it entered bottle as it is possible more densely.
At the next stage at production of self-made water preliminary filter it is necessary to make the accepting element. Bring together him so:
- the cut-off piece of tube is inserted into opening in bottle cover;
- fix tube in opening with use of some reliable glue.
Further the cover with tube needs just to be twirled on bottle neck. After that it is possible to use the filter manufactured by the hands for designated purpose.
Types of fine filters of water
Mechanical particles of the big sizes are capable to delete preliminary filters pretty effectively. However water from the well or the centralized water supply system often contains also various mineral or chemical impurity capable to do harm to human health. It is possible to get rid of them only with use of fine filters.
Devices of this type most often are installed on highways of giving of potable water or just on tapping cocks. Also similar devices are very demanded in aquarium husbandry, at hunters and fishers.
The main types of fine filters of water exists only two:
- the devices intended for removal from water of chemical and biological impurity — chlorine, ammonia, harmful microorganisms and the ave.;
Both of these types of devices have rather simple design and can be manufactured by the hands.
How to make water charcoal filter
Such device can be useful if necessary, for example, purifications of well water, water from the river outdoors, etc. from dirt and impurity. Will be necessary for production of the water filter of this version:
- several birch logs of small section;
- can of 1.5-2 l;
- bank sand;
- bandage or gauze;
- plastic bottle on 2 l;
Instead of birch logs it is possible to take and any other, but only deciduous breeds. Pine or fir-tree material in this case cannot be used.
To receive quality coal, also previously it is necessary to remove bark from birch logs. Birch bark contains a lot of tar which, as well as coniferous pitch, in the subsequent can negatively affect quality of purified water.
Make coal of birch logs as follows:
- split logs into small chips;
- put chips in can;
- make fire and place to bank in fire.
For that time until chips turn in fire into coals, it is possible to manage to manufacture the cartridge for the filter. Do such capacity as follows:
- in cover of bottle drill opening;
- cut off bottom of future cartridge;
- push in bottle neck from the cut-off bottom gauze, bandage or cotton wool.
The coal formed of chips in can should be cooled previously, of course. Further it needs to be crushed with use, for example, of the hammer. For this purpose coals at first display on plain surface on piece of unnecessary fabric. Further future filtering material begins to be pressed working part of the hammer from above. It is necessary to crush filler for the filter until parts by length and no more than 2-5 mm wide are formed.
In order that the device in the subsequent effectively purified water, to the coal prepared thus at the final stage it is necessary to add sand to proportions about 6:1. The received mix needs to be filled up in bottle over gauze.
It is necessary to fill with the filtering material the cartridge manufactured of bottle approximately on 1/3. During charge it is necessary to tap on bottle walls in order that mix was condensed.
Over the filtering material laid thus it is necessary to fill also clean sand layer approximately in 2 cm. It is necessary in order that coal after filling in bottle of water did not emerge. It is also possible to make in the cut-off bottom openings, to make of it some kind of "stub" and to insert it into bottle, having pressed down slightly filtering material.
Before use the filter manufactured thus should be washed out. For this purpose it is necessary to pour water in bottle and to wait the solution containing soot and quartz dust will flow down so far. After that the filter can be used according to purpose for purification of well or river water.
Magnetic softener
The water pumped from wells in owner-occupied dwellings, unfortunately, in most cases contains many the dissolved mineral substances. Because of it on walls of highways of water supply systems and also on heating coils of teapots and washing machines limy deposits are formed. As a result life cycle of pipes and household appliances is considerably reduced.
That it did not occur, in owner-occupied dwellings filters of special design — magnetic softeners are often used. If desired and such device it is possible to make independently.
What materials will be required
For production the hands of the filter of this version will require:
- two metal tubes from stainless steel of bigger and smaller diameters;
- the centering tips with "ears" for small metal tube;
- several rare-earth and ferromagnets;
- two sanitary fitting with thread.
Production of the centering tips will be the most difficult procedure in assembly of the magnetic softener. These elements are necessary in order that the small metal tube in the subsequent was located exactly on the center of the body of the device.
It is the best of all to charge production of tips to the professional turner. It is necessary to pay for such work, most likely, no more than 150 rubles. At the same time the turner should order also threading on the ends of metal tube of large diameter.
Magnets both rare-earth, and normal, it is possible to order, for example, online. In this case purchase will also manage cheap. In total it is necessary to pay about 200-300 rubles for magnets of one filter.
Manufacturing techniques of the magnetic filter
Assemble the device of this version by the hands as follows:
- magnets are inserted into tube of smaller diameter;
- the ends of tube are closed by the centering tips;
- the small tube is in turn inserted into tube of large diameter on the center;
- for the ends of tube of large diameter fitting is wound.
Magnets in small tube have to be located with alternation. That is at first it is necessary to put in it rare-earth magnetic, then normal, rare-earth, etc. again. The filter manufactured thus crashes into water supply system by means of fitting with use of the FUM-tape.