Basis of any house, whether it be inhabited apartment or small country giving, the base is. From that, the design is how correctly chosen, calculation is made, life expectancy of the building depends.
Instruction
1. The first what it is necessary to pay attention when choosing structure of the base to is type of soil, depth of its freezing, the provision of underground waters. The most reliable, (though not the cheapest) option – continuous footing. It will be suitable for construction as heavy brick walls, and and easy – wooden, frame.
2. At the first stage of construction make base marking. For this purpose you will need tape measure, pegs or scraps of armature, grove. Prepare the site chosen under construction of the house: remove the top fertile soil layer. Store it for further use in kitchen garden for the device of beds. Move the plan of the house from the project to the platform. On corners, on crossing of middle lines, hammer in advance prepared pieces of armature and pull fishing line. Check squareness of the plan for what pull fishing line on diagonal. If both diagonals are identical, the marking is not warped, and corners have turned out straight lines. From the fishing line tense on middle lines measure the distance equal to half of width of future base on internal and outer end. On the received lines also hammer pieces of armature and pull on them fishing line. Tape measure measure and make base marking under internal walls.
3. Now start earthwork operations – to digging of trench under the base according to marking. Trench depth for different regions is various and there has to be not less than frost depth of soil. In the prepared trench arrange sandy pillow: fill sand 5-10 cm thick, condense it. Over sand pour out layer of crushed stone 15-20 cm thick and also stamp it.
4. Be defined where communications of the house will be laid (water supply, the sewerage …). Under them leave in the base of opening, in advance put scraps of pipes on base width. They will be "cases" for pipes of plumbing and sanitary. At the same time it is necessary to remember soil frost depth, i.e. to have them below this depth.
5. In trench establish timbering and begin concreting process. For reinforcing make the contour consisting of two belts of rod – horizontal and vertical. Knit them among themselves by wire. Fill in concrete, condensing it by means of the vibrator. Process of underpouring has to be continuous, otherwise not the monolithic base, but layer-by-layer will turn out. Roughly level the surface of the filled-in concrete on level and fill up with sand layer. Within 3 days, so far concrete not to become stronger, moisten sand to prevent fast drying and cracking of top layer.
6. On completion phase make waterproofing of two layers of the roofing material which is missed the mark with tar or mastic. Level the base brickwork. For laying use only red brick since white (silicate) is afraid of moisture. The base is ready. It is possible to start wall construction.