The base is basis of the building. The durability of operation of the built building depends on its fortress and the correct installation. At bookmark it is necessary to consider the level of finding of underground waters, number of storeys of the building, material from which walls, condition of soil will be put up.
It is required to you
- - gravel;
- - crushed stone;
- - sand;
- - cement;
- - tes or ready boards;
- - armature;
- - lashing wire;
- - welding machine;
- - spade;
- - trowel;
- - chopper;
- - concrete mixer.
Instruction
1. Installation of any base begins with carrying out survey works to determine the level of groundwater occurrance. At deep bedding when the height of water is lower than three meters, do the deep-buried base. At close arrangement of underground waters the melkozaglublenny continuous, monolithic or column footing will approach. Piles establish for construction of multy-storey buildings, they cost rather much and in private construction are used seldom.
2. Having decided on depth and type of the built base, make marking as directed in the got permission from department of architecture and town planning. In the marked territory establish columns. It is possible to dig the base manually that will take a lot of time and will take away significant amount of forces, or to employ the excavator which will dig out ditch within several hours. The result will be absolutely identical.
3. After work on digging of ditch, carefully smooth out edges and bottom by means of spade. Pour out sand-gravel pillow layer of 50 cm, carefully stamp.
4. Carry out repeated marking of the base before installation of timbering. Put columns, pull twine, check flatness of marking by means of the laser level.
5. Establish timbering which can be made of Teso or of the special boards which are on sale in construction supermarket. On installation of panel board timbering much less time will leave and it will be much simpler to remove it.
6. In timbering build in prefabricated reinforcement cage. It is possible to fix framework by means of the welding machine or lashing wire. If you carry out tying, then after all it is better to weld extreme columns. Such framework will be much stronger.
7. It is possible to flood the base with ready solution. For this purpose order the machine mixer. Your work will consist in leveling and tamper that in the base there is no air left which perniciously influences its fortress. Ram solution by means of spade, level big chopper. Do final smoothing down by means of trowel.
8. If you produce solution independently, observe proportions. For filling of the base cement of brand 400 or 500 resembles. On 1 part of cement add 3 parts of bank sand and 3 parts of small crushed stone. Pour water gradually that solution was density of fluid sour cream. If to make solution too dense, in the base there can be emptiness.