The furnace tandoor is used in the countries of Central Asia for preparation of mass of dishes, beginning from bread and finishing with meat. Having the tandoor on the site, it is possible to feed at any time with seven national viands from east kitchen. As well as any furnace, the tandoor can be built the hands, the main thing is to observe technology.
The tandoor is rather small, but very multipurpose furnace of spherical look. This building can be met almost in each yard in Central Asia. The dishes prepared in the tandoor have surprising taste at the expense of the unusual design.
Thanks to the special structure of the furnace it can be heated to strong heat small faggot. The furnace long remains hot that allows to prepare large number of products therefore the tandoor is considered very economical device for pastries and roasting.
Besides all of the known fragrant flat cakes of different types, bake in the tandoor:
- vegetables,
- meat,
In the furnace it is possible to receive both shish kebab, and just baked meat, and some dishes can be cooked at the same time.
Tandoor design simple therefore it is possible to make such furnace on the site own forces even without special abilities and tools. Usually the furnace is placed on open area of the yard on the special base which form 150-170 mm above than the level of the soil and so deepened.
Over the base arrange the podduvalny camera with door, and on it the pig-iron grid from above keeps within. On the base build the brick internal camera of the tandoor which is narrowed up and forming dome form. The internal surfaces of the camera well smooth with clay layer. Crude flat cakes of the test which after baking become fragrant bread are also stuck to this surface.
The tandoor can be the different sizes, but traditionally becomes 1-1.5 m high and with a diameter about 1 m. But for giving if it is not considered as the only place of cooking, it is possible to equip the oven of more modest sizes.
In upper part of the tandoor the internal camera is narrowed, in special interval between it and external walls the heatpreserving material is placed. As a rule, for this purpose take small stones, melkofraktsionny haydite, sand or salt. This layer helps for long time after burn-out of fuel to keep temperature, necessary for roasting, in the tandoor.
Thanks to spherical shape of the tandoor and materials of which it is made the return of heat comes from the heated-up walls not outside, and in the furnace. Therefore even after coals are removed, the stored heat remains enough that any products completely propeklis or were fried thoroughly.
The tandoor can be made two options: with construction of the furnace on ready clay tab or with forming of thick clay layer on the laid-out brick internal walls.
The clay tab is on sale in finished form and has the jug form without bottom. If there is opportunity to get this form, then process of production of the tandoor significantly will be facilitated and executed much quicker.
The clay tab can be made independently, but it is necessary to understand that it is difficult work, and it is possible, you should start it over again and again more than once. If you never did anything similar, from the first, most likely, it will turn out even at the most diligent diligence.
Creation of clay tab of the tandoor requires not any raw materials, you need to get the grog clay of average viscosity having good plasticity. For production of this furnace the agglutinant sand consists of the following components:
- salt,
- clay,
- sand,
These components need to be taken in proportions 1:4:1:2. Sheep or camel wool is added to solution, it is necessary for providing thermal insulation, in addition it serves as the reinforcing element for the formed clay product.
Grog clay has to be purified from foreign impurity. Completely to remove from it stones and parts of plants, it is wiped through grid. Then it is mixed and retted 1-2 days.
Later time solution is carefully kneaded to uniform pasty state. Usually this process is carried out by legs – mix is trodden quite long time.
The clay tab of the tandoor is made by the special way different from classical potter's process. This method of creation of bowl is called tape as from solution of clay it is necessary to roll strips 15-20 mm thick, 200-250 mm wide and of 2000 mm. It is necessary to do it in shadow, under canopy roof as in the sun clay will dry and will lose elasticity.
The prepared clay strips are taken out on the solar place where the bowl without bottom – the lower part of the furnace is formed of them. The bowl has to have the ring form with equal walls. As framework it is allowed to use metal barrel at the first stage, but after forming of the lower part she needs to be moved away at once. That the barrel easily left clay, the metal surface needs previously to be oiled vegetable.
- On the lower part of bowl fix one or two strips which will create the part of jug with the rounded sides which is narrowed up and similar to dome, but without the top neck.
- After that there comes the turn of consolidation of walls by means of two special purpose tools. It is better to use wooden, but it is possible also metal special trowels with the smooth rounded edges in the form of disk and also wooden blade with relief diagonal strips.
- It is necessary to hold with one hand trowel and to press it to inside face of clay jug, and from outer side, through wall, it is necessary to knock accurately on trowel blade. During this process, clay is condensed, on it the pattern in the form of diagonal strips is shown.
- Further the upper part of bowl with neck is the same way created, its diameter has to be twice less than insert bottom. In upper part of jug clay is leveled and condensed as well as on the lower and its middle part.
- After full completion of forming of bowl it is necessary to leave clay insert to dry on the solar place. At this time you pass to arrangement of the base for installation of the tandoor.
If the tandoor is supposed to be done with ready tab, then the base under it can be issued both square, and round shape. Similarly and at construction of brick walls – they need to be spread on square or around. The first option is more preferable, so between external walls and clay tab rather wide interval which will need to be filled with heat-retaining and heat-insulating components is formed.
It is necessary that the size of the parties or diameter of the base was 120-150 mm more, than ground part of external brick walls of the tandoor. Under the base you should not dig too deep ditch, it is enough to remove 120-170 mm of soil. The dug ditch is filled up with layer of sand 50 mm thick and carefully stamped.
Then there are two options: at once to lay mesh reinforcement or at first to fill layer from crushed stone of average fraction, and already on it – armature. The second option more preferable as will make the base stronger – the filling brick mixed with solution forms the additional reinforcing layer.
It is desirable to raise the base over soil, it will exclude risk of podmyvaniye of laying rain streams. To lift the base, make timbering 100-150 mm high.
Make concrete mixture from sand, gravel and cement and fill in it in timbering. Level solution by means of the rule, checking surface evenness construction level.
After drying and set of durability of concrete measure inside from edges of the turned-out plate the planned distance in 120-150 mm, draw external borders of walls of the oven.
On these lines equip the first row of walls on which it is necessary to create the channel of the podduvalny camera. Establish podduvalny door on the first or second row of walls of the camera.
Instead of door it is possible to wall metal pipe in brickwork, but in it it is also necessary to establish valve with possibility of regulation of amount of the arriving air.
Sometimes in the tandoor refuse the podduvalny camera, it is possible to burn firewood and at the bottom of the furnace, but so will inconveniently clean it from burning products. If the camera becomes, then from above it the pig-iron grid where firewood is burned is put. Ashes fall in ashpit from where it can be removed through door.
It is better to get grid ready pig-iron in shop. It is possible to find rectangular, and round options which are easy for picking up for diameter of the tandoor. The Tandyrny tab accurately is established on the platform from above of grid, and the joint is coated with clay mortar.
Around tab to her mouth brick walls are put up, and gaps between brick and clay walls are filled with thermoheat-sink materials.
At the next stage the furnace top, except middle round opening, is blocked by brickwork. For opening it is possible to buy or make wooden cover, densely closing mouth.
Before operation of the furnace its several days moderately heat that drying-out of laying took place gradually and evenly. After full drying-out of all materials it is possible to pass to use of the tandoor and preparation of dishes.