External plastering of buildings pursues two aims: protection of walls of the house against atmospheric action and giving of decorative properties to them. In some cases it is necessary – if material from which walls are put demands protection against direct contact with water (blocks from foam mortar, for example). In others – it is carried out only for the purpose of improvement of exterior of the house. Decorative plaster is capable to change view of your house, having given it unique charm and originality.
It is required to you
- - finishing mortar;
- - set of tools for mason's and stucco work (trowel, kirochka, semi-graters, grater, brush and so forth);
- - plumb;
- - cord;
- - nails.
Instruction
1. Clean wall from dust and dirt, remove solution flows. If wall material smooth (brick, for example) make on wall notch chisel with the hammer, the axe or the Bulgarian with special circle. Depth of notch has to be about 5 mm, distance between nearby strokes – about 50 mm. During this work use points and respirator.
2. Establish lighthouses with simultaneous adjustment of walls (the term "adjustment" means check of vertical position). Hammer nail into the top right corner of wall so that length of its acting part was equal to thickness of plaster layer (15-20 mm). Hammer nail into the bottom right corner, having corrected the provision of its head on the plumb attached to head of the top nail. Do the same operation with the left side of wall. Thus, heads of the nails hammered on wall corners will appear in one vertical plane which has to become surface of plaster layer.
3. Establish on all wall surface lighthouses from dense solution or from nails, having modified their height on the cord tense between the nails established in corners. The number of lighthouses depends on degree of your professionalism, the it is lower, the big it has to be. Normal the distance between lighthouses is accepted by 100-150 cm.
4. Make finishing mortar or get ready. The lime cement mortar is considered the best. Presence of lime at it gives it plasticity and promotes maintaining technology properties during rather long time. It is possible to prepare solution and on one cement, however it will be less flexible and will quicker lose ability to laying. The ratio of components in lime cement mortar makes 1:1:6 (lime – M400 cement – sand), in cement – 1:4 (M400 cement – sand).
5. Impose preliminary plaster coat. If wall dry, moisten it with water. Throw solution over wall trowel, maintaining the required layer thickness (on height of lighthouses). Outline becomes the easy hand movement, not really strong and not really weak. It is necessary to be accustomed to carry out such movements that solution got to the right place and densely stuck to wall. Having outlined the area about 1 m², you vyrovnit the surface of plaster poluterok on lighthouses. If necessary add solution in those places where it has appeared a little, and remove where the surplus was formed.
6. Repeat the cycle "nabros-alignment" until there is zashtukaturenny all wall. Registration of corners of the house is made by means of the ostruganny board pressed to one wall so that its edge was at the level of lighthouses of other wall.
7. When plastering of wall is finished, cut trowel on its surface wavy lines about 5 mm in depth and distance from each other of 40-50 mm. They are necessary for dense coupling with surface of topping coat which should be laid further. Within week several times in day moisten wall with water and cover it with burlap, paper roof covering or something similar for sun protection and wind.
8. In 1-1.5 weeks put finishing (decorative) plaster coat. Its thickness has to be 5-15 mm. The composition of decorative plaster on the content of sand and binding has to be approximately same, as well as preliminary mix. Besides, coloring pigments and various components (marble crumb, glass splinters, gravel of certain fraction and so forth) for obtaining necessary outer effect are added to it. The surface of decorative plaster can be smooth (after finish) or relief (spilled, stamped, cut, knurled, etc.). It is possible to make imitation under decorative stones. For each case there is the special process. It is necessary to decide that it is necessary for you and to follow its requirements.