Phytophthora – perhaps, the most widespread and very unpleasant disease of solanaceous cultures. It has fungal character and most often develops on tomatoes. The phytophthora installs nervousness almost in each gardener who wishes to reap qualitative crop of tomatoes.
Signs of phytophthora and why it appears
The phytophthora strikes, as a rule, only adult plants. At this disease on bottom side of leaves of tomatoes there are spots of brown color with white raid, and on stalks the brown extended spots without raid are formed. Fruits at the same time are surprised brown decay.
Humidity – that main cause of phytophthora. The most dangerous time of emergence and prompt infection of solanaceous cultures with phytophthora is the period of long rains. Increase in humidity and fall of temperature promote the beginning of active growth of fungus. At this time the gardener has to be extremely attentive to plants. The main attention needs to be paid to prevention of this illness.
Preventive measures of fight against phytophthora
Prevention of phytophthora is necessary not only during vegetation, but also in off-season. After harvesting it is necessary to collect all plant debris and to dig them in special hole or at all to take out from the site. The soil at the same time has to be dug over on depth about 20 centimeters. In greenhouses it is necessary to replace top layer of soil. The ideal option is to observe crop rotation, that is to return tomatoes on the former place only four years later.
Under tomato landings it is necessary to choose well warmed up and lit places without stagnation of air. The tomatoes planted in shadow in 90% of cases will be struck with phytophthora. Do not thicken landing, in due time you carry out removal of weeds.
In cloudy weather it is possible to do without watering at all once again not to tempt destiny. Watering of tomatoes in the greenhouse in cool and crude day can be replaced with superficial loosening (so-called "dry watering").
If night time temperature decreases and there is threat of strong development of phytophthora, it is recommended to remove green fruits from tomato bushes, to disinfect them in hot water and after obsushivaniye to place on ripening in the dark place with temperature not lower than 25 degrees.
Medicines for fight against phytophthora
As the phytophthora belongs to fungal diseases, various fungicides which contain copper in the structure are designed to save plants from this misfortune. Among them copper vitriol and the Bordeaux liquid are considered as the most available.
During vegetation it is worth processing tomatoes copper and soap emulsion. For its preparation it is necessary to mix 2 g of copper vitriol and 200 g of soap in 10 liters of water. This emulsion it is necessary to oprysnut plants.
For the first time spraying should be carried out to the period of mass infructescence. Then the action needs to be repeated with interval of 7-12 days. It is better to carry out spraying of plants in the first half of day. It is undesirable to increase humidity closer by the night.
Has well proved also watering of plants as solution which consists of 30 g of chloride potassium, 40 drops of iodine. These ingredients need to be added to 10 liters of water, to mix everything and to water landings at the rate of 0.5 l to one plant.
For extra root fertilizing (spraying) it is also possible to use such medicines as Fitosporin, Oksikhoma, Kvadris, Infinito, Energen, H, "the Profit Gold" and others. In shops the huge choice of fungicides is provided. In essence, they a little in what differ from each other.