In small owner-occupied dwellings the heating one-pipe system is usually equipped. As well as two-pipe, such wiring layout can have both the pluses, and shortcomings. Anyway mounting of systems of this type very cheap manages.
The heating one-pipe system differs from two-pipe first of all in the fact that radiators in this case are connected to the same highway closed in "ring". The concepts "giving" and "obratka" at the same time remain, but are used only conditionally.
Options with compulsory and natural circulation
One-pipe systems can be classified by different signs. For example, distinguish such schemes with compulsory circulation of the heat carrier and self-flowing.
At assembly of the second option of systems, pipes of rather large diameter are usually used. Sometimes at application of such wiring layout in rooms heating radiators are not even established. Their role is carried out by thick pipes of the highway which diameter can be 5-10 cm. Water on contour in such systems circulates at the expense of difference of pressure at the outlet and entrance.
In schemes with compulsory circulation pumps are in addition used. These units in such systems are also responsible for the movement of the heat carrier. To advantages of such schemes first of all higher efficiency is considered. However it is recommended to equip heating with use of the pump only in the houses located in those settlements where not too often disconnect the electric power.
What else versions exist
Heating one-pipe systems also can be classified by way of arrangement of contour. In this plan distinguish vertical and horizontal wiring layouts. The first kind of systems is used usually in one-storey buildings of the small area. Vertical distributings are equipped in two-storeyed cottages. Radiators in similar systems, horizontal and vertical, are most often connected from below or diagonal way.
Main advantages of one-pipe schemes
The popularity of heating services of this type first of all speaks:
- simplicity of their design;
- low cost of assembly;
- possibility of use of heating units of any version.
Materials and the equipment for mounting of one-pipe systems usually it is necessary to buy very little. Anyway pipes for such distributing it is required twice less, than for two-pipe. Respectively, and mounting of the highway usually takes not especially a lot of time.
Boilers in one-pipe schemes can be used both gas, and electric. In the remote settlements the heat carrier in such systems can heat up also in inexpensive solid propellant or diesel units of this type.
If to speak about self-flowing one-pipe system, then its unconditional advantage is also that owners of the house at its use should not pay for the electric power in addition. The pump in this case does not turn on in the scheme at all.
Main shortcomings
Advantages one-pipe heating, thus, has set. However schemes of this type have, of course, also certain shortcomings. One of the biggest minuses of one-pipe systems of heating is that they are suitable for mounting generally only in residential units of not too big area. Also carry to shortcomings of distributing of this type:
- complexity of control of uniform distribution of heat on different rooms of the house;
- impossibility of use in combination with the systems "heat-insulated floors";
- need of use of very powerful pumps for creation of rather high pressure in system.
When using one-pipe system of the simplest design the radiators located closer to boiler heat up more. Distant batteries can heat rooms not especially effectively. This effect first of all is connected with the fact that water in the highway cools down, becoming more and more cold when passing from radiator to radiator.
Vertical one-pipe systems of heating have also one more pretty serious shortcoming. The strut in such schemes is always used one. At the same time to connect to it no more than 10 radiators are allowed at the same time. The owners of country houses using the similar heating scheme have to observe this requirement without fail. Otherwise batteries of the first floor of the building will never get warm up to the temperature over 45 s. On the most upper floor this indicator can exceed in certain cases and 100 s.
How to correct the main shortcoming: control of heating of radiators
Shortcomings , thus, are available for heating one-pipe systems not less, than it is plus. But owners of country houses consider the main minus of such schemes nevertheless uneven warming up of rooms. Unfortunately, both vertical, and horizontal one-pipe heating systems have this shortcoming.
Owners of country houses when using such wiring layouts can solve problem of uneven warming up of rooms in the way:
- installations in rooms of radiators of different power and with different quantity of sections;
- inserts in the system of mechanical cranes;
- inclusions in the scheme of special automatic equipment.
Application in the one-pipe scheme of plug cocks, in addition, has also that advantage that in this case the convenience of repair of all system in general in case of need increases. It will be possible to replace any radiator in such system in the subsequent without shutdown of boiler.
Adjusting cranes by means of which control of heating of radiators, on the tube sections which are specially included in the scheme is made are installed. These additional elements are mounted parallel to the main highway and are called bypass. During repair or replacement of the battery such pieces are just blocked by the crane. As a result water stops coming to radiator, and on the main highway all the same continues to flow.
How to increase overall performance of system
To increase the efficiency of batteries in one-pipe systems, at assembly of highways, in addition, pieces of pipes of different diameter can be used. In such schemes the radiators heat up better and consequently, and heat rooms of the building more effectively. Thus one-pipe systems also equip in country residential units most often. Exception are only, for example, absolutely small country houses with 3-4 radiators.
One more shortcoming: esthetic party of question
When using gravitational one-pipe systems of heating the owners of the house can have also one more problem. In particular relevant it will be in case radiators at assembly are replaced with thick pipe. The highway with a diameter of 8-10 cm of beauty passing on house perimeter to interior of rooms, of course, anyway will not add.
Many owners of country houses refuse use of such system, despite its relative efficiency and low cost just because pipes in this case make rooms something similar to housing in old Soviet barracks.
To solve the esthetic problem created by the self-flowing one-pipe system of heating mounted in the house, rather not easy. However it is possible to find way out in this case nevertheless. It is possible to make the thick highway not such noticeable, for example, having painted it not in traditional "Soviet" dark green or white, and in some pleasant, in harmony with walls, color. Such as loft, minimalism, country, thick pipes can simply be ideal for some styles of registration at all.