Slag stone – one popular construction materials for wall construction which is characterized by practicality and rather inexpensive price. Also the manufacturing techniques of such blocks are simple therefore they can be made even in house conditions.
Breeze blocks are in most cases used for construction of one-storey constructions:
- sheds,
- garages,
- cellars,
- houses or extensions to it.
Construction from slag stones at the expense of their sizes is carried out very quickly. And if, besides to use blocks of own production, it is possible to save the family budget significantly.
Pluses and minuses of slag stones
Slag stone, as well as at other construction materials, has pluses and minuses in use. So, among advantages of shlakoblochny buildings note:
- durability in operation (up to 50 years),
- high fire-resistant qualities,
- affordable price,
- simplicity of laying.
Among minuses it is possible to call:
- high hygroscopicity therefore it is not recommended to use slag stones for construction of rooms with the raised moisture,
- poor quality of thermal insulation,
- ecological security (often happens the origin" the slag used in production of blocks is unknown).
Sizes and types of slag stones
Standard slag stone has the following sizes:
- height – 188 mm,
- width – 190 mm,
- length – 390 mm.
The size of the semi-blocks which are used for interroom partitions is 390 × 120 × 188 mm or 400×120×200. Important indicator of slag stones is the hollowness. Depending on used for creation of emptiness of forms it is 28%, 30%, 40%. If slag stone has no openings, it is called corpulent. Such block very heavy and strong, but the level of its thermal insulation 10 times less blocks with emptiness. However, the manufacturing techniques of such block are slightly simpler: ready solution is filled in in form, pressed and expects the drying.
For house use it is not obligatory to make slag stones on standard dimensions. If desired they can be increased or reduced. Respectively, block weight also will depend on it. It averages from 17 to 25 kg.
Also block density is important: than it is higher – the design built by means of such blocks will be stronger. But at the same time it is necessary to remember that in this case the level of thermal insulation will be lower. Therefore before production of slag stones it is necessary to define for what purpose they will be used.
Necessary tools
If you are going "to put for stream" production of slag stones, for work it is necessary to prepare necessary materials and the equipment. On production are applied to production of blocks:
- special metal forms,
- concrete mixer,
- vibrotables,
- the vibrating presses pressing concrete in shape with loading in several tone.
These devices can be used manufacturing or to make independently. On the Internet there is a lot of ways of their production, including with detailed instructions, schemes, drawings and video lessons.
Form for slag stones
The form for slag stones represents the capacity or timbering in which fill in ready solution. It is made of metal or tree. The form is necessary for deduction of the block until the concrete mix does not grab. That it was more convenient to pull out blocks from form, it is the best of all to do them folding and it is desirable without bottom. It is enough to put ordinary film under forms.
Emptiness in the block can be done by the normal bottles filled with water. They are pressed into the solution which is filled in in forms in the right places. Also for this purpose it is possible to use wooden bars or pieces of pipes. Process of creation of emptiness will considerably be facilitated if to attach bars or pipes to cover or to bottom and to record them.
Use in production of blocks of the vibrating machine allows to make them more dense and qualitative and to increase performance. Equally well carry out this task both devices of factory production, and self-made if they have been manufactured correctly: according to the scheme and the instruction.
Solution for blocks
Will be necessary for production of blocks:
- blast furnace slag (or any other filler)
- coarse sand;
- cement (it is better to use M400 or above),
- water,
- the plasticizing additive.
The consumption of cement depends on its brand. Quality of blocks – from the used slag, its form: the more correctly, the better.
By production of slag stones it is possible to use several options of mixing of mortar.
For the first it is required:
- 1 part of cement,
- 9 parts of slag with the high content of cement (gray or dark gray color), crushed artificial fines,
- 5 parts from water cement volume.
For the second option of solution granulated slag (granulated slag) from the enterprises (yellowish-green color) is used.
To prepare solution, take:
- 1 part of cement,
- 5 parts from water cement volume,
- 4 parts of granulated slag,
- 4 parts of slag of small elimination.
The third option of solution provides use of different fractions and the different size that allows to improve heattechnical characteristics of product and to give to blocks high strength.
For preparation of mix according to this recipe it is required:
- 5-2 parts of water,
- 2 parts of sand,
- 7 parts of slag,
- 3 parts of M400 cement.
At first mix bulks. Then gradually add to this mix water before receiving semifluid consistency that when tightening mix was not scattered. Water needs to be added gradually, it is desirable by means of the spray.
It is the most convenient to knead solution the concrete mixer. But at the small volumes it is possible to use shovel.
If desired for blocks it is possible to add softener to cement mix. Its presence at solution is not obligatory, but thanks to this component, the finished product will find the following characteristics: early durability that is especially valuable at limited floor spaces, increase in frost resistance and water tightness, the increased quality of blocks which is expressed in smaller abradability of material and the smallest clinking.
Increase in performance when using softener is its additional "bonus".
Fillers
The quality of blocks directly depends on the materials used in production, grade of cement and filler. In its role slag, crushed stone, sawdust, sand, ashes, shaving, elimination, brick scrap, crushed stone, haydite, plaster can act. As a rule, the choice of filler depends local conditions, the requirement to quality of finished product, prime cost.
Ideal component of slag stones is slag – silicate withdrawal of processing of metals. But recently its development was considerably reduced therefore for the lack of slag it can be replaced, for example, with haydite. Especially as keramzitobetonny blocks before slag stones have advantages: the best thermal insulation and smaller weight. Minus of use of haydite in production is its price (in comparison with slag) that, respectively, affects also the prime cost of blocks.
Useful tips
To improve coupling of slag with cement, before mixing of mortar it needs to be moistened with water.
For economy of cement it is possible to replace the one fourth part with lime. Such replacement will not affect quality of ready blocks, but will allow to save on raw materials significantly.
It is the best of all to manufacture blocks shlakobetonny (and any other) not under the open sky as many handymen do, and in well aired room with equal floor.
Manufacturing techniques of slag stones
It is not as difficult to receive qualitative breeze blocks of own production as it seems at first sight. At first it is necessary to prepare solution on one of the recipes offered above or to use, modified, option.
Ready mix is put with the hill in special form. Then it is necessary to include vibroinstallation that solution has sat down. If solution appears a little, add to form, establish clip and again turn on the vibrator. When the clip settles on the limiter, the formation of blocks will be completed.
Include vibroform for 5-10 seconds, and then, without switching off the vibrating plate, accurately take off uniform.
On primary drying the ready blocks need from one to three-five days. Accurately pull out blocks from form, lay them on plain horizontal surface, cover with polyethylene film. It is better not to touch and not to transfer blocks to the first days, otherwise they will break.
If in the course of production of slag stones and also pemzobetonny, keramzitobetonny blocks, softener was used, to remove finished product from the platform and it will be already possible to store in 6-8 hours.
On similar technology it is possible to make foam concrete blocks, keramzitobetonny blocks. including decorative.