Usually quicksands in wells appear unexpectedly therefore any works on their destruction need to be performed immediately. What to do if in well quicksand has appeared as to recognize it and how to serve well with quicksand?
Quicksand is soil layer which basis is fine sand, impregnations of silt and soil organic chemistry. Material of quicksand differs in big indicators of humidity as between clay and sand in the plavena connectivity seriously goes down. Quicksands usually are located under pressure in the soil, and the person who digs well breaks quicksand pocket. As a result quicksand is formed, begins to grow in the dug-out hole, and then and fills all available space.
It is necessary to consider that quicksands in wells can have the breed which is not studied till the end, and for this reason to predict emergence of quicksand sometimes happens it is impossible. Similar layers meet near water-bearing layers that is followed by serious problems on time of carrying out earth works.
The main danger of quicksand is that it is impossible to control his behavior because of badly connected weight which is gradually filling all deepenings.
The main symptom of the fact that in well there was quicksand – emergence and the subsequent inflow of the suspension consisting of water, sand and parts of breeds in well. If inflow of this suspension does not decrease, and, on the contrary, will only grow, it speaks about availability of quicksand in well.
Depending on that, quicksand and at what depth it has sat down is located where exactly, it is possible to allocate two actions:
- To pass plastic layer up to the end and to reach the following water-bearing layer. At the same time it is necessary to strengthen well walls reinforced concrete rings and to connect them with each other. At the same time it is important to pressurize joints.
- Arrangement of water intake in plastic layer of earth. One of popular ways is for this purpose used. At the same time you should not use the ground filter intended for water treatment. It is explained by the fact that the filter will be broken and absorbed by quicksand.
The main complexity of quicksand is that it is impossible to control his behavior because of badly connected weight which is gradually filling all deepenings. Therefore it is important correct to choose those actions which will help to stop situation and not to allow it to worsen.
For carrying out any works in well in which quicksand has been found it is necessary to strengthen well walls for a start. Besides the reinforced concrete rings described above it is also possible to apply the timber panel board structures created from rabbeted boards. Today this way differs relative mounting idle time in small cost.
Everything that the person needs – to drive in the boards collected from grooves, the sharpened end in viscous bottom. After that in well the box from which soil will be pulled out subsequently is constructed. The felling will precipitate and be increased at the same time. Also for solution it is possible to use the sinking box which is completely copying well form, but having the sharpened edge from below and flap lid from above.
This box is improvement and modernization panel board technologies. When using sinking box it is necessary to hammer this box into quicksand and to take away soil through flap lid. This process needs to be repeated up to that moment until the box reaches certain point.
Also there are more innovation and effective ways to deal with quicksand in the well, however such ways demand availability of special purpose tools and materials. These ways to deal with quicksand will not suit what wants to solve problem independently. These ways:
- It is way means itself arrangement of special system of the wells passing on well perimeter. Wells it is necessary to give the solution cooled in the special camera lowering temperature of the soil and soil around passing.
- During this procedure, carbamide pitches or liquid glass are entered into soil. Any of these materials allows to condense quicksand. By the way, analog these materials is rye flour. If it is abundant to add it to plastic soil, it will be dehydrated that will be helped further work on arrangement by block.
- The bush consisting of concrete piles. This method generally is used where tunnel construction is conducted. The bush from concrete piles is understood as process of drilling and filling with concrete solution of wells on all perimeter of passing.
The most important recommendation for those who in well had had quicksand is the choice of the soil which is in box so that bottom edges of groove have not been naked. If to bare bottom edge of groove, it can lead to receipt from under it the watered sand.
Any technique developed for fight against quicksands belongs to labor-consuming, however as a result of people will receive well with clear water and opportunity to use it for technical and drinking needs.
In the course of cleaning of well, sand will rise upward, doing to sweat in well unsuitable for any use. It is the in that case best of all to install the specialized wooden filter in compartment for intake of water. As parent material it is necessary to use moisture resistant wood (the aspen perfectly will approach). The filter for set of purified water will look as the board submerged on well bottom or cylinder which will have several openings for clear water supply.
It is possible to install the filter so:
- To remove about 40 centimeters of layer of sand from well.
- To make pillow of gravel or pebble. Pillow height at the same time has to be 6-55 centimeters.
- After that it is necessary to lower the filter on the bottom and to fix it in upper part.
- To record ground ring of the mine to the filter.
- To fill distance between walls of well and the filter beaten bricks and to fill in all this with concrete solution.
This design gives the chance to effectively extract water, at the same time cleaning it from various impurity and bringing it from well to the surface.
Here a little preventively the measures allowing to save well from quicksand:
- even in case of full cleaning of well extremely it is not recommended to extort from it all available water;
- if all free space of well fills quicksand, to remove and extort it completely will be very problematic;
- height and other indicators of water column do not play large role;
- it is the best of all to hold indicator of water return on we string level;
- it is the best of all to mount filters for water on horizontal, water-bearing level;
- silt needs to be podcherpyvat and deleted regularly, and to completely clean the system of 1 times in 5 years;
- it is the best of all to strengthen in addition well bottom logs and board board;
- it is the best of all for isolation of walls of well to pay as much as possible attention.
And for avoidance of troubles with quicksands it is necessary to check the soil for their absence. For example, it is possible to specify at neighbors whether they had problems of such character. Also useful will be to perform geodetic works.
It is worth remembering - sometimes can bypass quicksand or get rid of it only the experts qualified and having the corresponding experience. Especially it concerns soil with complex structure when independent digging does not bring results in any way, and even small economy on materials will lead to even big expenses.