The superficial drainage system is used where the clay soil detaining snow slush and precipitation prevails. If on the site underground waters which wash away the base are close located and waterlog the basement in the spring, the deep drainage is necessary.
If the problem of flooding concerns only certain points of the site, it is possible to make local drainage. At first note places in which water stands then drive water scoops or the closed tanks in them. Most often moisture accumulates near terrace and porch and also in deepenings of soil with uneven relief. If such place is near site border, drains remove for its side-altars by means of trench.
The second option of superficial drainage system — laying of ditches on all site. Frequency of underlay is determined by marshiness level, the earth is more damp, the more ditches will need to be dug. They are done about 0.5 m in depth with bias towards the water intake. The widest trench has to collect water from all others and send it to well.
The bottom of ditch is filled with large crushed stone, from above stack stones of crushed fines. It is possible to issue the last layer marble crumb or the decorated gravel. Coast decorate with green plants, and trenches on perimeter of the site close decorative grids.
If the problem of marshiness is created by not clay soil, but close arrangement of underground waters, it is the best of all to make deep drainage system. In the beginning determine depth of laying of pipes. For sandy soil recommend to do trenches not less than 1 m, for clay — 70-75 cm, for loams — 80 cm. It is worth to remember about the level of freezing of the soil, it is desirable to place pipes below it, in this case they will not be deformed by residues of moisture. Pipes need to be protected from penetration of sand and small particles of the earth, otherwise they will be hammered over time and will cease to perform the drainage functions. For this purpose each of them is wrapped in geotextiles. It is necessary to notice, ready drainage pipes from perforated plastic are already enveloped by the filtering material. If clay soil, geotextiles do not use, pipes stack on gravel pillow about 20 cm thick. On sandy soil they are wrapped in the filtering fabric and filled up from above and from below with gravel. On loams the shchebnevy adding can be not done but only to wrap pipes in fabric. Optimum general lay-out of trenches — fir-tree when side branches are flown down in one wide central from which water gets to well. Ditches dig out at an angle to the water intake, on 1 m of trench it has to make about 7 cm. It should be checked surely construction level. Drainage pipes display on trenches and connect by means of T-couplers and crosspieces. From above fill up sand, and then crushed stone, each layer do about 10-15 cm thick. Other space is closed the soil, forming small rollers. When there passes precipitation, they will be equal to the surface of soil.