Successful work of wells depends on its design which is projected on the basis of geological, technical and economic and other factors. Construction features depend on type of the device used for drilling. It is possible to allocate two main types of wells: boring and water intaking.
Boreholes
Borehole device very difficult. It consists of the mouth, face, wall, trunk, axis and upsetting columns. Such device allows to extract oil and gas, to control over fields and so on. These operations cannot be performed with loose trunk. Therefore feature of such wells is fastening of trunk and isolation of the layers containing fluids. Casing pipes of specific assignment help with it.
The widest pipe, that is the direction, prevents the collapse of breeds near the mouth therefore the space behind it is filled with temping solution or concrete. Depth of descent depends on durability of breeds and varies ranging from five to forty meters.
The conductor, that is one more upsetting column, has to block all layers which are saturated with fresh water. In this case depth of descent fluctuates from 200 to 800 meters. The technical column blocks layers at severe geological conditions of drilling. Without operational column the operation of the well is impossible therefore it falls to that place where productive layer lies. As its assignment the most important, in the course of designing special attention is paid to tightness and durability of column.
Water wells
The design of water well influences the term of operation and flow capacity. Such equipment has to be very simple. These wells are divided into two views: filter (it is no more than 35 meters) and deep, that is artesian (to 100 meters and more). Considering it, the design depends on well depth. The more well depth, the more it is similar to the telescopic antenna which goes down ledges of smaller diameter. The choice of design is also influenced by hydrogeological features of the region. In general the water well consists of combination of pipes of upsetting type which have various diameter and length. The specific design is chosen when there are necessary data on the area. Features of water well depend on certain requirements. First, the equipment has to provide the planned water volume. Secondly, its walls should be done very resistant to collapse. Thirdly, the design has to have the minimum metal consumption, and fourthly, not to allow to overflow to underground waters. The last, fifth requirement is based on ensuring access to technology operations in the well. Knowledge of designs allows to develop exact projects which allow to introduce progressive ways of drilling or intake of water and to reduce accident rate.