Masonry units represent lightweight-aggregate foam mortar with various filler. Such building materials with honeycomb are in the increased demand at construction of houses of various number of storeys. Block products successfully compete with usual brick especially as there is set of types of masonry units with different functional indicators.
Block material is actively applied in construction of residential buildings and industrial constructions. Monolithic and hollow products from porous concrete are used at construction of the bases, walls, load-carrying structures and partitions. Also masonry units can serve in quality of filler for framework structures and effective heat-insulating resource.
When choosing block building material the sphere of its intended use, cost of products, installation works is important. In the profile market distinguish several main types of masonry units, each of which has the characteristics, advantages and shortcomings.
Gas-concrete masonry units
By production of gas-concrete blocks portland cement, lime, quartz sand and water is used, in process aluminum powder as the blowing agent is also added. Similar material is applied at construction of load bearing walls in low construction and also in creation of partitions and as filler in half-timbered houses.
Block gas-silicate material has the following advantages:
- environmental friendliness and durability of the built design;
- excellent heat-insulating characteristics and high level of pozharostoykost;
- small weight, simplicity of processing of material,
- ease and speed of laying thanks to the large sizes of product;
- price availability of products.
Shrinkage of design is considered one of the biggest minuses of gas-concrete blocks. Therefore for leveling of this process when laying use armoring lattice and metal rods. Also treat shortcomings of gas-silicate building materials:
- limitation of scope of application only low construction;
- low moisture-proofness;
- low indicators of frost resistance of basis and, as a result, need of additional warming;
- unattractive exterior and need of external finishing.
Breeze masonry units
At production of slag stones, waste products are used that provides competitive prices of this material. The Shlakobetonny products can be picked up under various types of construction jobs as the variability of fillers is provided in their structure. Both monolithic, and hollow options of shlakobetonny designs are issued. However generally block construction materials of this look use for construction of farm and technical buildings and are much more rare for residential buildings.
Advantages of breeze masonry units:
- high strength and big terms of operation, about 50 years;
- absolute incombustibility: material maintains long influence of high temperatures;
- wide range of blocks of this category:;
- low cost;
- simplicity of installation works.
Shortcomings of shlakobetonny products:
- low level of ecological security: the structure can contain the toxins harmful to the environment and human health;
- shlakoblochny construction material is subject to moisture influence, the built design requires bilateral plaster of surface;
- low indicators warm and sound insulation.
Additional minus of materials of this type consists in complexity at the subsequent mounting of utilities because of high strength of shlakobetonny building material.
Shlakobetonny products have wide scope of application, usually they can be met at construction of garages, sheds and boiler houses. Slag stones at arrangement of ventilating ducts are relevant, the products as favorable material for paving of sidewalks are also appreciated. However for construction of residential buildings block shlakobeton it is not recommended to use because of low ecological characteristics.
Ceramic masonry units
At the heart of keramoblok the burned clay is used that causes at once the high level of environmental friendliness of construction materials of this type. The weight of block constructions is twice easier than normal brick at much bigger size. Standard dimensions of one block make 250-510х250-380х219 mm. Use of large standard sizes allows to carry out laying works much quicker, than in option with brick.
At application of keramoblok it is possible to save at construction of the bases and heater. It allows to level the overstated cost of this construction resource. Ceramic types of masonry units approaches at construction of walls of residential buildings of any number of storeys. The cellular construction resource with hollow structure is used during the laying of external and internal main walls, arrangement of partitions and apertures.
Advantages of keramoblok:
- high environmental friendliness of material;
- small weight and resistance to static loads;
- good sound insulation, the high Paro level - and thermal insulations;
- availability of lock connection thorn groove that facilitates laying.
Shortcomings of keramoblok:
- high cost of material;
- difficulties when transporting because of fragility of keramoblok;
- need for strict observance of technology of laying;
- difficulties at additional treatment: the cut of keramoblok requires application of the Bulgarian as to split it as the brick will not turn out.
Peskobetonny masonry units
Peskobetonny masonry units are demanded both in construction of multy-storey constructions, and in the low private sector. Corpulent and base options of material with dimensions of 400х200х200 mm are in the increased demand. The hollow peskobetonny block is issued with openings from 2 to 8 pieces.
Peskobetonny block products are presented at the market in wide variety, models depending on purpose differ. For construction of the base use corpulent options. Also facing types of blocks, products for arrangement of load bearing walls, apertures, partitions and internal designs are issued.
Carry to advantages of peskobetonny masonry units:
- durability and low susceptibility to external influences, the design does not lose the quality characteristics during the long term of operation;
- universality: material can be used as at laying of main walls, and partitions;
- high sound-proof properties;
- profitability of peskobeton;
- convenient and fast mounting, thanks to big dimensions of masonry units.
Shortcomings of peskobeton:
- essential constructional weight, therefore, high foundation load;
- additional warming of walls in connection with low heat conductivity and vapor permeability of peskobeton is necessary.
Foam-concrete masonry units
Foam-concrete masonry units are the lightweight-aggregate foam mortar which is considered as one of the most practical and available materials for construction of wall designs. Material is made on the basis of cement and sand solution with inclusion of special frothing additives. Most often foam concrete with dimensions of 20х30х60 cm is produced.
Advantages of foam-concrete blocks:
- environmental friendliness;
- optimum combination of small density and high strength;
- small constructional weight because of honeycomb;
- high warm and sound-proof characteristics;
- excellent morozo- and moisture-proofness;
- high fire safety;
- treats the budgetary segment.
Refer possible risk of shrinkage and not stability of material on bend to shortcomings of foam-concrete designs. This kind of foam-concrete blocks is demanded in low construction.