Construction of any house begins with creation of the base, but for various conditions, types of houses, financial opportunities different types of the base are necessary. Today the continuous, pile, monolithic and column footings enjoy the greatest popularity.
The monolithic base represents concrete slab which provides support for all surface of future construction. It is the most expensive and one of the most difficult views of the base which has also the mass of advantages. The reinforced concrete slab maintains strong loadings therefore it is established under high stone buildings. Its "floating" opportunities allow to protect the house from movement or shrinkage during rebound of soil. Depth of underlay of plate does not play role in ability to maintain loadings, usually it is put on half-meter in depth, minimum on ten centimeters. Under the monolithic base it is necessary to make pillow of gravel. It is very important to reinforce well plate ridge products which are well linked to concrete.
Continuous footing reminds monolithic, but concrete is filled in not under all area of the house, and under external and internal load bearing walls. Trenches of base hole are dug out, the timbering which sets form and cuts material consumption is established, armature is established and concrete is filled in. As a result quite thin tape, the concrete consumption on which several times is less, than at installation of plate, turns out.
Timber which was used on mounting of timbering can be removed and applied in construction.
Continuous footing is much more economic plate, but too quite expensive. Besides, it is difficult in installation: it is necessary to make qualitatively timbering, it is correct to calculate quantity of armature and the sizes of its framework and to fill in tape with concrete in one calling, without interrupting process, otherwise the base will lose the properties. This type maintains serious loadings and is suitable for any types of houses.
The pile base, one of new types, consists of several bored piles which jam on depth lower than the level of freezing of the earth. It is very reliable design, it can be used in any conditions and is most often applied when all other types do not approach, for example, on marshy or peat soils. Piles quickly are established, such base can be made at all seasons of the year. And its cost is very democratic – almost half less, than at tape type.
Piles allow to ventilate underground part of the house, give the chance to build the first floor.
The column base – one of the most economic, it allows to reduce significantly costs at the first stage of construction of the house. This type represents number of supporters – columns of various form and from different materials – which are established under the area of the house with certain step. Columns make of blocks, brick, concrete. The column bases are suitable for easy wooden houses and also baths, extensions, garages and other small constructions. They are good on soils with deep freezing, but are not suitable for mobile slabonesushchy soil. Columns do not allow to create the full-fledged basement or socle. One more advantage of this type of the base – simplicity in construction, both nonprofessional and inexperienced builders successfully cope with this task.