Clay soil — one of the most difficult types of soil for construction. The base on clay soil has to be resistant to its transformation. For construction of houses on such soil the continuous buried and pile footings are considered as the most suitable options.
Instruction
1. The main condition construction of the base on clay soil — its bookmark has to be carried out lower than the level of freezing of soil. It allows to avoid pressure of frozen soil layer upon the lower part of the base. If underground waters are located higher than frost depth of the soil, apply methods of artificial irrigation and construct drainage ditches for withdrawal of drains.
2. When it is impossible to lower level of underground water, it is the best of all to choose the base on piles. On incompressible soil establish point-bearing piles, and on mobile — friction piles. To unite piles in whole, over them stack grillage — reinforced concrete slab or beam.
3. Piles for construction of the base can be bored or stuffed. The first twist in soil, their spiral form helps with it. The second hammer by means of the svayeboyny machine. Piles are driven in into the earth until they do not reach the level of incompressible soil. If are going to build the brick house with several floors, create the pile field, under each nodal point the additional basic column is put.
4. Continuous footings are suitable both for easy wooden houses, and for heavy brick. They can be built on any soil provided that underground waters lie rather deeply. For construction of melkozaglublenny continuous footing on all perimeter of the house dig trench 50-70 cm deeper, than soil freezing level. Then the trench is filled in with concrete, creating monolithic strip 30-50 cm wide and more than 50 cm high. From above build brick superstructure.
5. For strengthening of structural strength the melkozaglublenny base is built on special shufta, so call consolidation piles which establish through each 2 meters on all perimeter of the basis, having them lower than the level of freezing of the soil. To reduce influence of soil, edges of the base do extending in the lower part, and bosoms fill with carefully stamped sand.
6. Continuous footing of deep underlay is compatible to all types of soil, it will resist against the movement of the soil and will become the reliable basis for any house. At its construction lay monolithic tape 90-160 cm lower than level of underground water. At the same time there is space for arrangement of the basement which walls will be monolithic tape.