The humus is the main organic matter which contains the nutritious microelements necessary for plants. Humus – the fertilizer having certain structure and having a number of the properties useful to plants.
Structure of humus
The word "humus" is translated from Latin "earth". It means that this fertilizer is organic and it contains nutrients necessary for plants. It consists of several groups of substances. The first group — humic acids. They consist of nitrogen-containing high-molecular elements which are formed as a result of decomposition of the died-off plants. Also it is about hymifications which are painted in brown or black color. These acids are well dissolved in ammonia, alkalis, soda and pyrophosphate of sodium, but are almost not dissolved in mineral acids and water. Thanks to these solutions, acids are perfectly besieged by hydrogen of iron, calcium and other elements. The bulk of all guaminovy acids represents gels which are strongly connected with mineral part of the earth.
The second group are fulvic acids. They differ in solubility in acids from the first group and not such high content of oxygen. Fulvic acids will well be dissolved in water and possess silnokisly reaction. It allows to destroy mineral part of the soil quickly.
The third group which is part of humus - gumina. There is no solvent in which they are dissolved. Gumina represent fulvic acids of humic acids and their derivatives which are strongly connected with mineral part of the earth. The last, fourth component are organomineral derivatives of fulvic acids and humic acids. They do humus stable, promoting its accumulation, agregatoobrazovaniye and accumulation macro - and microelements.
Properties of humus
Humic substances have important impact on life of plants. Organic matters partly satisfy the need of plants for carbon dioxide which is necessary for photosynthesis process. The humus contains large amount of nutritious and biological substances which promote stimulation of biochemical and physiological processes in plants. High-humus soils allow plants to grow with the high content of chlorophyll. Guamat of sodium stimulates growth of plants. Salts of humic acids use to water plants, to spray them and to ret seeds. Because of humus the soil gets dark color therefore there is intensive absorption of solar energy. Organic matter protects the soil from strong loss of energy, and at decomposition itself promotes energy allocation. Apparently, properties of humus are so various that need of its application does not raise doubts.