Gas and oil play the huge role in modern economy. Their production is the difficult process demanding the thorough choice of a necessary method and the equipment. The final decision is made on the basis of a set of factors.
The most effective and cheap method of oil production is called gushing. It demands purchase and installation very expensively to the equipment therefore it is poorly widespread in our regions. Its essence is in what oil is multithreaded comes to the well. This method is applied, as a rule, at the initial stage of production as its maximum efficiency is reached when in layers still there is high pressure.
The following method of oil production is called compressor. Its essence is that to the well under big pressure gas or air is supplied. At the expense of the formed drop liquid, oil begins to rise upward. The equipment for this way of production also costs expensive. Besides, unlike a gushing method, it is required additional tools and expenses for gas supply.
The pump method is one of the oldest. To get oil, one depth below than dynamic level special pumps fall. As a rule, use besshtangovy centrifugal submersible electric pumps or shtangovy borehole pumps. It should be noted that this method is the most popular not only because of age, but also because of lower cost of the equipment.
Gas production
Gas is extracted much easier, than oil as it is not liquid. For example, for natural gas production the special equipment for storage, as a rule, is just installed, and the well far in the depths of the earth is drilled. At the expense of aspiration towards the smallest pressure it just rises outside. There it is processed at once and reserved. Slate gas, unlike natural, is extracted by means of the wells having the horizontal termination. Layer hydraulic fracturing is repeatedly carried out to them. For this purpose in the well pump mix of chemical reagents, waters and sand. At the same time gas is extracted not from the certain area, as in a case with natural, and from a set of separate cells or "cages".
Oil and gas equipment
For oil and gas production use various equipment. Probably, pumping units are the most known. These are such elements which remind crane in a well: the main core on which "hammer" is fixed. This equipment is used mechanically to lead shtangovy pumps to oil wells. Also It should be noted oil platforms which are located in the seas, and land drilling rigs. The first are used for oil and gas production under water (at a different depth, depending on the platform), and the second for exploration and development of new fields.