The underground waters located on a constant aquifer are called ground. They are formed of an atmospheric precipitation, waters of the rivers, lakes, reservoirs and also from inflow of moisture from the surface of the soil. At construction of the hydraulic engineering construction, for example, when digging wells, it is required to determine depth of a proleganiye of ground waters. It is possible to make it in several ways.
It is required to you
- - garden drill;
- - shovel;
- - rope (cord);
- - roulette;
- - sulfur;
- - not extinguished lime;
- - copper vitriol.
Instruction
1. For ground water level detection choose suitable time. It is the best of all to do it in the spring when the level of waters is highest. It is also convenient to take measurements in the fall, in the period of incessant rains when ground waters rise.
2. Prepare necessary devices for measurements. You need a garden drill. Make a drill for solid soil of a piece of a pipe with a diameter about 70 mm. Stock up also with a cord (rope) of sufficient length and a measuring roulette.
3. Dig out a shovel a hole (deep narrow crack) or drill the well; it is possible to use the mine well which is also located nearby. By means of a rope or a cord with cargo on the end measure distance from the Earth's surface to water level formed in the well. For convenience apply on a tag rope, having attached through each meter or half-meter fabric pieces. Length of the top (dry) end of a rope will correspond to ground water level.
4. For drilling of the well choose the place with untouched continental soil. For sampling of soil pull out a drill through each 50 cm.
5. For approximate determination of level of bedding of ground waters use also observations of vegetation. As a rule, in places of superficial bedding of waters, greens have brighter coloring. There forget-me-nots, a horsetail, a cane, coltsfoot are in the habit to grow. Often such places prefer mosquitoes and midges.
6. Use old national methods of determination of level of waters. Take a lump of the fat-free wool, wash out in soap solution and dry. Lay wool on the soil which is cleared away from the turf. On wool put fresh egg and cover it with a frying pan. From above lay the turf. To the next morning pay attention to a condition of egg: if it and wool are covered with dew, then ground waters close. The method works only in dry weather.
7. For determination of level of underground waters prepare not extinguished lime, sulfur and copper vitriol. Mix these components in equal weight parts in a clay pot and close a cover. Then bury a pot on depth about a half a meter. In a day get capacity and weigh. The more the mass of contents increased, the ground waters are closer.