Study of the strength of materials – the section of mechanics, discipline which is studied in educational institutions with technical orientation. The study of the strength of materials possesses specific technology of calculations which demand analytical thinking and spatial imagination therefore with its help, it is possible to solve problems with which the theoretical mechanics cannot cope.
Fundamentals of study of the strength of materials
The science of resistance of materials considers methods of calculations of materials, products and designs on such characteristic qualities as durability, rigidity and stability, at satisfaction of reliability, durability and profitability. For pronunciation simplification, it is accepted to call science – study of the strength of materials.
The study of the strength of materials is based on such concepts as: durability, rigidity and stability, tension, deformations, difficult resistance and internal efforts.
Durability call, ability of material to counteract the enclosed loadings without collapsing at the same time. Rigidity – ability of material at external influence to keep the geometrical sizes in allowable limits. Stability call ability to keep a stable form and placement at external influences.
When the body is influenced by a certain force, then in a body there are internal efforts which counteract this force. If external force prevails over internal, then there is a deformation of a body. Distinguish deformation angular (turn of sections), and linear (lengthening, shortening, shift). For measurement of deformations in vitro, various devices serve: mechanical, optical-mechanical, electric and pneumatic strain gages.
Application of study of the strength of materials
The following sciences are the cornerstone of study of the strength of materials: mathematics, physics, materials science, theoretical mechanics. The study of the strength of materials at design of building and machine-building constructions, mechanisms and products is applied. Durability of designs, at design, decides on the help of the theory of destruction – science which considers conditions under which materials collapse under the influence of external loadings. Depending on conditions and types of loading the majority of materials can be referred to fragile, plastic or both types at the same time. In practical situations, materials accurately belong either to fragile, or to plastic. The study of the strength of materials does not belong to the exact sciences because formulas are removed on the basis of the assumptions as any given material can behave. At design of buildings and designs, all characteristics of durability of material decide on a certain stock because the results received by means of discipline of resistance of materials have estimated character. Resistance of materials is one of the most difficult sciences. Its study requires special attention.