The philosophy, policy and economy fell within the scope of scientific interests of Karl Marx. Together with Friedrich Engels he developed the complete theory of development of society which basis the dialectic materialism was. Development of regulations on the classless society constructed on the communistic beginnings became top of the social doctrine of Marx.
Marx's doctrine about public formations
Developing the theory of construction and development of society, Marx proceeded from the principles of materialistic understanding of history. He considered that human society develops on a tripartite system: primary primitive communism is replaced by class forms then the advanced classless system in which antagonistic contradictions between big groups of people will be removed begins.
The founder of scientific communism developed own typology of society. Marx allocated in the history mankind five types of socioeconomic structures: primitive communism, a slaveholding system, feudalism, capitalism and communism in which there is the lowest, socialist phase. A basis of division into formations – the productions prevailing in the society of the relation in the sphere.
Bases of the social theory of Marx
Marx paid the main attention to the economic relations thanks to which society also passes from one formation to another. Development of social production goes to a condition of maximum efficiency within a concrete system. At the same time inherent collect I build internal contradictions that conducts to crash of the former public relations and transition of society to higher stage of development. A consequence of development of the capitalist relations Marx called loss by the identity of the status and completeness of human life. In the course of capitalist operation the proletarians are alienated from a product of the work. For the capitalist the pursuit of big profit becomes the only incentive in life. The similar relations inevitably lead to changes in a political and social superstructure of society, affecting family, religion and education. In the numerous works Marx proved that to replace the society constructed on operation of others work the classless communistic system inevitably will come. Transition to communism will be possible only during the proletarian revolution which cause will be an excessive accumulation of contradictions. The main thing from them is the contradiction between public nature of work and a private way of assignment of its results. Already at the time of formation of the social theory of Marx there were opponents of formational approach to social development. Critics of Marxism believe that its theory is unilateral that in it influence of materialistic trends in society is exaggerated and almost the role of the social institutes making a superstructure is not considered. As the main argument of insolvency of sociological calculations of Marx the researchers put forward the fact of crash of the socialist system which did not sustain the competition to the countries of the "free" world.