The XX century brought to mankind a set of useful opening among which the concept "quantum" and model of atom which allowed physics, power, electronics to step far ahead. And though there are hundreds of scientists whose works can be mentioned, society marks out 5 most important results of their works.
3 important opening from physics and chemistry
At the beginning of the XX century the general theory of relativity which is widely known in society now and is studied in educational institutions was open. Now the theory of relativity seems the natural truth which should not raise doubts, however at the time of its development it was absolutely unclear even many scientist opening. The result of laborious work of Einstein turned views of gravitation and many other moments and the phenomena. The theory of relativity allowed to predict a set of the effects before seeming contradicting common sense including effect of delay of time. At last, thanks to it it was succeeded to define an orbit of some planets, including Mercury.
In the 20th of the XX century Rutherford assumed that besides protons and electrons there is also a neutron. Before scientists believed that in an atomic nucleus there are only positively charged particles, however he disproved such point of view. However, it was recognized far not at once: several years and a set of the experiments made to Botha, Becker, Zholio-Curie and Chadwick to define that in an atomic nucleus really there are not charged particles which mass exceeds the mass of a proton a little were required. This opening led to development of nuclear power and rapid progress in science, however it, alas, promoted creation of atomic bombs.
In the middle of the XX century all the same great opening was made not too known among nonspecialists, but. The chemist Woldemar Ziegler made it. It opened metalloorganic catalysts which allowed to simplify and reduce the price of the majority of options of synthesis considerably. They are used at very many chemical plants also now and are an integral part of production.
2 opening in the field of biology and genetics
In the 70th of the XX century the amazing discovery was made: doctors managed to take out an ovum from the woman's body, without having done harm neither to that, nor another, then to create for an ovum ideal conditions in a test tube, to impregnate it and to return back. Thousands of happy women who managed to conceive the kid in such a way can thank for Bob Edwards and Patrick Stepnou's this opening. At last, at the end of the century one more amazing discovery was made: scientists understood that it is possible "to clean" an ovum and to place in it a kernel of a cage of an adult being then to return it to a uterus. The first clone of a sheep – Dolly the sheep was quite so created. The cloned lamb not only survived, but also managed to live 6 years after the birth.