Ecology — science about relationship of organisms and their communities among themselves and also with the environment. She investigates regularities of activity of organisms in any its manifestations and at all levels of integration in the native habitat.
Instruction
1. The ecology studies impact of the environment on activity of organisms, on their behavior and the building. She reveals dependences between a condition of the environment and number of populations, studies interactions between populations of different types and also fight for existence and natural selection.
2. The name "ecology" came from two Greek words: oikos that means the dwelling, and logos – science. This term was offered by E. Gekkel in 1866 for designation of science which studies interaction of animals with the environment of their dwelling. Since then idea of ecology as about science underwent a number of specifications.
3. An object of research of ecology are biological macrosystems — populations, biocenoses and ecosystems and also dynamics of their development. The main theoretical and practical task of science is to study laws of these processes and to learn to operate them.
4. In ecology allocate the divisions studying the organic world at various levels. The Autekologiya investigates ecology of individuals, a demekologiya - populations, the eydekologiya is engaged in studying ecology of types, and a sinekologiya — communities.
5. Problems of an autekologiya include establishment of limits of existence of organisms and physical and chemical factors. Identification of reaction of an individual to influence of factors of the environment allows to find not only limits of existence, but also morphological changes which are characteristic of this individual.
6. The Demekologiya is engaged in studying natural groups of individuals of one look, its major task — clarification of conditions under which populations are formed. This subsection of ecology is devoted to a research of relationship, structures and loudspeakers of number of population.
7. A subject of studying a sinekologiya are associations of populations of different types of animals, plants and microorganisms which form biocenoses. The Sinekologiya is based a miss - dem- and eydekologiya, she investigates difficult multispecific complexes of the interconnected organisms — biocenoses, considers their ratios, power, efficiency and other features.
8. I call ecology of the person complex science which is engaged in studying regularities of interaction of the person with the environment. This science investigates population questions, improvement of opportunities of the person, maintaining his health. The habitat of the person represents difficult set of natural and anthropogenic factors, and a set of these factors differs in different places markedly.
9. Achievements of ecology are applied in agriculture, veterinary science and medicine, when planning actions for conservation and to control of an expense of natural resources.