Air consists of a set of gases. Most of all contains in it nitrogen, on the second place – oxygen. About 1.3% inert gas makes argon. On a share of a number of other gases, including carbonic CO2, there are less than one tenth percent. Whether it is possible to divide air into the components making it somehow? For example, on two main: nitrogen and oxygen.
Instruction
1. It is carried out by means of so-called airdividing installations (VRU). The method of division is based that each liquefied air component boils at certain differing from others, temperature. Any similar installation consists of two sections: in the first of them air is liquefied, and in the second divided into fractions.
2. At first air is drained and cleaned from dust, then strongly squeezed by means of the compressor and passed consistently via a number of heat exchangers. As a result it is very strongly cooled. Then it is passed via the broad camera. Because of sharply increased volume there is an air condensation. The formed liquid flows down in the tank, and from there gets to the second dividing section.
3. To divide air into the making components, use rectifying columns and also heat exchangers and condensers evaporators. Their quantity depends on what gas needs to be received. For example, if only nitrogen is necessary, one rectifying column and one heat exchanger will be required. The liquefied air after the heat exchanger comes to a middle part of a rectifying column where it is divided into the gaseous part consisting of very pure nitrogen (content of the main substance of nearly 100%) and the liquid which is flowing down in the lower ("vat") part of a column. This liquid consists of nitrogen, oxygen and argon.
4. And if besides nitrogen it is necessary to receive oxygen? Then two rectifying columns connected consistently will be necessary for you. And in the first column (lower), and in second (top) there is an office of pure gaseous nitrogen. Liquid oxygen from a vat part of the top column comes to the condenser evaporator where there is its heat exchange to the gaseous nitrogen formed in the lower column. As a result oxygen becomes gaseous.